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As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-16 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

Sensitivity to noise makes most of the current quantum computing schemes prone to error and nonscalable, allowing only for small proof-of-principle devices. Topologically-protected quantum computing aims at solving this problem by encoding…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-12-17 Helmut G. Katzgraber , Ruben S. Andrist

Proving threshold theorems for fault-tolerant quantum computation is a burdensome endeavor with many moving parts that come together in relatively formulaic but lengthy ways. It is difficult and rare to combine elements from multiple papers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Zhiyang He , Quynh T. Nguyen , Christopher A. Pattison

Simulating the dynamics of electrons and other fermionic particles in quantum chemistry, materials science, and high-energy physics is one of the most promising applications of fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, the overhead in…

Continuous-variable quantum information processing through quantum optics offers a promising platform for building the next generation of scalable fault-tolerant information processors. To achieve quantum computational advantages and fault…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-25 Rajveer Nehra , Miller Eaton , Olivier Pfister , Alireza Marandi

A major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes, in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits, enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Kai Sun , Jin-Shi Xu , Xiao-Ye Xu , Yong-Jian Han , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

We make a detailed analysis of error mechanisms, gate fidelity, and scalability of proposals for quantum computation with neutral atoms in addressable (large lattice constant) optical lattices. We have identified possible limits to the size…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-10 Travis R. Beals , Jiri Vala , K. Birgitta Whaley

Scaling up quantum computers to attain substantial speedups over classical computing requires fault tolerance. Conventionally, protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computation demand excessive space overheads by using many physical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Hayata Yamasaki , Masato Koashi

Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant (FT) mechanisms are essential for reliable quantum computing. However, QEC considerably increases the computation size up to four orders of magnitude. Moreover, FT implementation has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-20 L. Lao , B. van Wee , I. Ashraf , J. van Someren , N. Khammassi , K. Bertels , C. G. Almudever

Studies of quantum error correction (QEC) typically focus on stochastic Pauli errors because the existence of a threshold error rate below which stochastic Pauli errors can be corrected implies that there exists a threshold below which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-27 Stefanie J. Beale , Joel J. Wallman

Quantum computers are inherently affected by noise. While in the long-term error correction codes will account for noise at the cost of increasing physical qubits, in the near-term the performance of any quantum algorithm should be tested…

Floquet quantum error-correcting codes provide an operationally economical route to fault tolerance by dynamically generating stabilizer structures using only two-body Pauli measurements. But while it is well established that stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Yoshito Watanabe , Bianca Bannenberg , Simon Trebst

We design a controlled-phase gate for linear optical quantum computing by using photodetectors that cannot resolve photon number. An intrinsic error-correction circuit corrects errors introduced by the detectors. Our controlled-phase gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Mark M. Wilde , Federico Spedalieri , Jonathan P. Dowling , Hwang Lee

Concepts from quantum topological states of matter have been extensively utilized in the past decade in creating mechanical metamaterials with topologically protected features, such as one-way edge states and topologically polarized…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-07-14 Haning Xiu , Harry Liu , Andrea Poli , Guangchao Wan , Ellen M. Arruda , Xiaoming Mao , Zi Chen

Applying chaos theory for secure digital communications is promising and it is well acknowledged that in such applications the underlying chaotic systems should be carefully chosen. However, the requirements imposed on the chaotic systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Yong Wang , Zhuo Liu , Leo Yu Zhang , Fabio Pareschi , Gianluca Setti , Guanrong Chen

Quantum computers face significant challenges from quantum deviations or coherent noise, particularly during gate operations, which pose a complex threat to the efficacy of quantum error correction (QEC) protocols. In this study, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Yuanchen Zhao , Dong E. Liu

We consider a model of quantum computation in which the set of operations is limited to nearest-neighbor interactions on a 2D lattice. We model movement of qubits with noisy SWAP operations. For this architecture we design a fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-17 Krysta M. Svore , David P. DiVincenzo , Barbara M. Terhal

We report on the fault-tolerant operation of logical qubits on a neutral atom quantum computer, with logical performance surpassing physical performance for multiple circuits including Bell states (12x error reduction), random circuits…

Toward the large-scale, practical realization of quantum computing, quantum error correction is essential. Among various quantum error-correcting codes, the surface code stands out as a leading candidate, and lattice surgery based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Chenghong Zhu , Xian Wu , Jiahan Chen , Keming He , Junjie Wu , Xin Wang , Lingling Lao

An optical lattice is a periodic light crystal constructed from the standing-wave interference patterns of laser beams. It can be used to store and manipulate quantum degenerate atoms and is an ideal platform for the quantum simulation of…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-04 Kendall Mehling , Murray Holland , Catie LeDesma