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We introduce the Pointer Q-Network (PQN), a hybrid neural architecture that integrates model-free Q-value policy approximation with Pointer Networks (Ptr-Nets) to enhance the optimality of attention-based sequence generation, focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Alessandro Barro

We consider Markov Decision Problems defined over continuous state and action spaces, where an autonomous agent seeks to learn a map from its states to actions so as to maximize its long-term discounted accumulation of rewards. We address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Alec Koppel , Ekaterina Tolstaya , Ethan Stump , Alejandro Ribeiro

First-order methods for stochastic optimization have undeniable relevance, in part due to their pivotal role in machine learning. Variance reduction for these algorithms has become an important research topic. In contrast to common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Manuel Madeira , Renato Negrinho , João Xavier , Pedro M. Q. Aguiar

Recent work on neural scaling laws demonstrates that model performance scales predictably with compute budget, model size, and dataset size. In this work, we develop scaling laws based on problem complexity. We analyze two fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Lowell Weissman , Michael Krumdick , A. Lynn Abbott

Learning to optimize (L2O) has recently emerged as a promising approach to solving optimization problems by exploiting the strong prediction power of neural networks and offering lower runtime complexity than conventional solvers. While L2O…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Zhihui Shao , Jianyi Yang , Cong Shen , Shaolei Ren

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) are a promising technique for bridging differential programming and combinatorial domains. GNNs employ trainable modules which can be assembled in different configurations that reflect the relational structure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-19 Marcelo O. R. Prates , Pedro H. C. Avelar , Henrique Lemos , Luis Lamb , Moshe Vardi

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is a generic technique to model various NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems in the form of binary variables. The Hamiltonian function is often used to formulate QUBO problems where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Redwan Ahmed Rizvee , Md. Mosaddek Khan

In this paper, we present approximation algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems under probabilistic constraints. Specifically, we focus on stochastic variants of two important combinatorial optimization problems: the k-center…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-09-03 Shipra Agrawal , Amin Saberi , Yinyu Ye

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most often-used NP-Hard problems in computer science to study the effectiveness of computing models and hardware platforms. In this regard, it is also heavily used as a vehicle to study the…

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is a generic technique to model various NP-hard Combinatorial Optimization problems (CO) in the form of binary variables. Ising Hamiltonian is used to model the energy function of a system.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Redwan Ahmed Rizvee , Raheeb Hassan , Md. Mosaddek Khan

This paper studies quantum optimization baselines for the Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP), a clustered routing problem that naturally models variant selection and sequencing problems under discrete alternatives. We propose a…

Quantum Computing promises to solve complex combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than classical methods, with the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) being a leading candidate. Recent fixed-parameter variations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Rodrigo Coelho , Georg Kruse , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

Bilevel optimization has been developed for many machine learning tasks with large-scale and high-dimensional data. This paper considers a constrained bilevel optimization problem, where the lower-level optimization problem is convex with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Siyuan Xu , Minghui Zhu

In neural combinatorial optimization (CO), reinforcement learning (RL) can turn a deep neural net into a fast, powerful heuristic solver of NP-hard problems. This approach has a great potential in practical applications because it allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Yeong-Dae Kwon , Jinho Choo , Byoungjip Kim , Iljoo Yoon , Youngjune Gwon , Seungjai Min

Neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) is a promising learning-based approach for solving challenging combinatorial optimization problems without specialized algorithm design by experts. However, most constructive NCO methods cannot solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Fu Luo , Xi Lin , Fei Liu , Qingfu Zhang , Zhenkun Wang

We investigate a link between Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems, laying the groundwork for GNNs to approximate solutions for these computationally challenging tasks. By analyzing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Moshe Eliasof , Eldad Haber

Recently, gradient-based discrete sampling has emerged as a highly efficient, general-purpose solver for various combinatorial optimization (CO) problems, achieving performance comparable to or surpassing the popular data-driven approaches.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-07 Muheng Li , Ruqi Zhang

Assortment optimization seeks to select a subset of substitutable products, subject to constraints, to maximize expected revenue. The problem is NP-hard due to its combinatorial and nonlinear nature and arises frequently in industries such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Guokai Li , Pin Gao , Stefanus Jasin , Zizhuo Wang

Optimization problems in disciplines such as machine learning are commonly solved with iterative methods. Gradient descent algorithms find local minima by moving along the direction of steepest descent while Newton's method takes into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-20 Patrick Rebentrost , Maria Schuld , Leonard Wossnig , Francesco Petruccione , Seth Lloyd

The predict+optimize problem combines machine learning ofproblem coefficients with a combinatorial optimization prob-lem that uses the predicted coefficients. While this problemcan be solved in two separate stages, it is better to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Ali Ugur Guler , Emir Demirovic , Jeffrey Chan , James Bailey , Christopher Leckie , Peter J. Stuckey
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