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Related papers: The Simulation Semantics of Synthesisable Verilog

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The reproduction of hardware architectures from academic papers remains a significant challenge due to the lack of publicly available source code and the complexity of hardware description languages (HDLs). To this end, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haoyue Yang , Xuanle Zhao , Yujie Liu , Zhuojun Zou , Kailin Lyu , Changchun Zhou , Yao Zhu , Jie Hao

The ultimate goal of verification is to guarantee the safety of deployed neural networks. Here, we claim that all the state-of-the-art verifiers we are aware of fail to reach this goal. Our key insight is that theoretical soundness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Attila Szász , Balázs Bánhelyi , Márk Jelasity

Virtually all verification and synthesis techniques assume that the formal specifications are readily available, functionally correct, and fully match the engineer's understanding of the given system. However, this assumption is often…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Simon Lutz , Daniel Neider , Rajarshi Roy

Formal verification is the next frontier for ensuring the correctness of code generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). While methods that co-generate code and formal specifications in formal languages, like Dafny, can, in principle, prove…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingfei Zeng , Fengdi Che , Xuhan Huang , Fei Ye , Xu Xu , Binhang Yuan , Jie Fu

Despite the significant progress made in code generation with large language models, challenges persist, especially with hardware description languages such as Verilog. This paper first presents an analysis of fine-tuned LLMs on Verilog…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mingjie Liu , Yun-Da Tsai , Wenfei Zhou , Haoxing Ren

{log} (read 'setlog') was born as a Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) language where sets and binary relations are first-class citizens, thus fostering set programming. Internally, {log} is a constraint satisfiability solver implementing…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Maximiliano Cristiá , Alfredo Capozucca , Gianfranco Rossi

Large language models (LLMs) can generate executable code from natural language descriptions, but the resulting programs frequently contain bugs due to hallucinations. In the absence of formal specifications, existing approaches attempt to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yihan Dai , Sijie Liang , Haotian Xu , Peichu Xie , Sergey Mechtaev

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in hardware description language (HDL) generation. However, existing approaches often rely on free-form natural language descriptions that are often ambiguous, redundant, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Lei Huang , Rui Zhang , Jiaming Guo , Yang Zhang , Di Huang , Shuyao Cheng , Pengwei Jin , Chongxiao Li , Zidong Du , Xing Hu , Yunji Chen , Qi Guo

Safety and assurance standards often rely on the principle that requirements errors can be minimised by expressing the requirements more formally. Although numerous case studies have shown that the act of formalising previously informal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Ibrahim Habli , Andrew Rae

As language and visual understanding by machines progresses rapidly, we are observing an increasing interest in holistic architectures that tightly interlink both modalities in a joint learning and inference process. This trend has allowed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Mateusz Malinowski , Mario Fritz

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automated software engineering, yet their guarantee of correctness is frequently undermined by erroneous or hallucinated code. To enforce model honesty, formal verification requires LLMs to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Md Erfan , Md Kamal Hossain Chowdhury , Ahmed Ryan , Md Rayhanur Rahman

Although many tools have been presented in the research literature of software visualization, there is little evidence of their adoption. To choose a suitable visualization tool, practitioners need to analyze various characteristics of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Leonel Merino , Ekaterina Kozlova , Oscar Nierstrasz , Daniel Weiskopf

The complexity of digital embedded systems has been increasing in different safety-critical applications such as industrial automation, process control, transportation, and medical digital devices. The correct operation of these systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Fayhaa Hameedi Khlaif , Shawkat Sabah Khairullah

The rapid scaling of large language model (LLM) training and inference has driven their adoption in semiconductor design across academia and industry. While most prior work evaluates LLMs on hardware description language (HDL) tasks,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Stefan Abi-Karam , Cong Hao

We explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate high-quality Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code with minimal human interference. The traditional RTL design workflow requires human experts to manually write high-quality RTL…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hanxian Huang , Zhenghan Lin , Zixuan Wang , Xin Chen , Ke Ding , Jishen Zhao

The dependency on the correct functioning of embedded systems is rapidly growing, mainly due to their wide range of applications, such as micro-grids, automotive device control, health care, surveillance, mobile devices, and consumer…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Lucas Cordeiro

Synchronous languages rely on formal methods to ease the development of applications in an efficient and reusable way. Formal methods have been advocated as a means of increasing the reliability of systems, especially those which are safety…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-04-20 Annie Ressouche , Daniel Gaffé , Valérie Roy

In the rapidly evolving field of Electronic Design Automation (EDA), the deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) for Register-Transfer Level (RTL) design has emerged as a promising direction. However, silicon-grade correctness remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Jiale Liu , Taiyu Zhou , Tianqi Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a promising approach for automating Verilog code generation; however, existing methods primarily emphasize syntactic correctness and often rely on commercial models or external…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in Verilog generation from natural language description. However, ensuring the functional correctness of the generated code remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Ning Wang , Bingkun Yao , Jie Zhou , Yuchen Hu , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang