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Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system provides a pathway between humans and the outside world by analyzing brain signals which contain potential neural information. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of most commonly used brain signals and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-07 Xian-Rui Zhang , Meng-Ying Lei , Yang Li

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), particularly those based on electroencephalography (EEG), offer promising solutions for assisting individuals with motor disabilities. However, challenges in reliably interpreting EEG signals for specific…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-23 Biplov Paneru , Bipul Thapa , Bishwash Paneru , Sanjog Chhetri Sapkota

Learning the spatial topology of electroencephalogram (EEG) channels and their temporal dynamics is crucial for decoding attention states. This paper introduces EEG-PatchFormer, a transformer-based deep learning framework designed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Yi Ding , Joon Hei Lee , Shuailei Zhang , Tianze Luo , Cuntai Guan

Attention mechanisms have become a popular component in deep neural networks, yet there has been little examination of how different influencing factors and methods for computing attention from these factors affect performance. Toward a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Xizhou Zhu , Dazhi Cheng , Zheng Zhang , Stephen Lin , Jifeng Dai

This study introduces a pioneering approach in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, featuring our novel concept of complex visual imagery for non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG)-based communication. Complex visual imagery, as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Byoung-Hee Kwon

The human brain provides a range of functions such as expressing emotions, controlling the rate of breathing, etc., and its study has attracted the interest of scientists for many years. As machine learning models become more sophisticated,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Felix G. Hamza-Lup , Adytia Suri , Ionut E. Iacob , Ioana R. Goldbach , Lateef Rasheed , Paul N. Borza

An electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) enables people to communicate with the outside world by interpreting the EEG signals of their brains to interact with devices such as wheelchairs and intelligent robots.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Xiang Zhang , Lina Yao , Quan Z. Sheng , Salil S. Kanhere , Tao Gu , Dalin Zhang

Brain computer interface (BCI) research, as well as increasing portions of the field of neuroscience, have found success deploying large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) pre-training methods in conjunction with vast public repositories of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-03 Mattson Ogg , Rahul Hingorani , Diego Luna , Griffin W. Milsap , William G. Coon , Clara A. Scholl

Attention mechanisms represent a fundamental paradigm shift in neural network architectures, enabling models to selectively focus on relevant portions of input sequences through learned weighting functions. This monograph provides a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hasi Hays

A brain-computer interface (BCI) enables a user to communicate with a computer directly using brain signals. The most common non-invasive BCI modality, electroencephalogram (EEG), is sensitive to noise/artifact and suffers…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Dongrui Wu , Yifan Xu , Bao-Liang Lu

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technologies have the potential to improve the lives of millions of people around the world, whether through assistive technologies or clinical diagnostic tools. Despite advancements in the field, however, at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chad Mello , Troy Weingart , Ethan M. Rudd

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a popular and effective tool for emotion recognition. However, the propagation mechanisms of EEG in the human brain and its intrinsic correlation with emotions are still obscure to researchers. This work…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Jiyao Liu , Hao Wu , Li Zhang , Yanxi Zhao

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a fast-growing field focused on modeling and machine implementation of various cognitive functions with an increasing number of applications in computer vision, text processing, robotics, neurotechnology,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-28 Julia Berezutskaya , Anne-Lise Saive , Karim Jerbi , Marcel van Gerven

Accurately monitoring cognitive load in real time is critical for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) that adapt to user engagement and support personalized learning. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive, cost-effective modality…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Deeksha M. Shama , Dimitra Emmanouilidou , Ivan J. Tashev

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) transform spontaneous/evoked neural activity into control commands for external communication. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) remain the mainstream backbone for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ziwei Wang , Hongbin Wang , Tianwang Jia , Xingyi He , Siyang Li , Dongrui Wu

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition plays a critical role in affective computing and emerging decision-support systems, yet remains challenging due to high-dimensional, noisy, and subject-dependent signals. This study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 S M Rakib UI Karim , Wenyi Lu , Diponkor Bala , Rownak Ara Rasul , Sean Goggins

The ageing process may lead to cognitive and physical impairments, which may affect elderly everyday life. In recent years, the use of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on Electroencephalography (EEG) has revealed to be particularly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-28 Aurora Saibene , Francesca Gasparini , Jordi Solé-Casals

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) constitute a promising tool for communication and control. However, mastering non-invasive closed-loop systems remains a learned skill that is difficult to develop for a non-negligible proportion of users.…

Different categories of visual stimuli activate different responses in the human brain. These signals can be captured with EEG for utilization in applications such as Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). However, accurate classification of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Subhranil Bagchi , Deepti R. Bathula

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models hold significant promise for universal Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). However, existing approaches often rely on end-to-end fine-tuning and exhibit limited efficacy under frozen-probing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jiquan Wang , Sha Zhao , Yangxuan Zhou , Yiming Kang , Shijian Li , Gang Pan