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Although reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can improve the performance of wireless networks by smartly reconfiguring the radio environment, existing passive RISs face two key challenges, i.e., double-fading attenuation and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-05 Wen Wang , Wanli Ni , Hui Tian , Naofal Al-Dhahir

We consider the optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS)-aided multi-user (MU) cell-free (CF)-massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems, where the propagation environment design achieved…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-18 Iván Alexander Morales Sandoval , Marko Fidanovski , Hyeon Seok Rou , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Emil Björnson

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communication is a revolutionary technology that enables to manipulate wireless propagation environment via smartly controllable low-cost reflecting surfaces. However, in order to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zehra Yigit , Ertugrul Basar , Ibrahim Altunbas

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a key technology to control the communication environment in future wireless networks. Recently, beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) emerged as a generalization of RIS achieving larger coverage through…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Matteo Nerini , Golsa Ghiaasi , Bruno Clerckx

A hybrid transmitting and reflecting beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) design is proposed. Operating in the same aperture, frequency band and polarization, the proposed BD-RIS features independent beam steering…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Zhaoyang Ming , Shanpu Shen , Junhui Rao , Zan Li , Jichen Zhang , Chi Yuk Chiu , Ross Murch

Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RIS) represent a groundbreaking innovation in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, enabling unprecedented control over wireless propagation environments compared to conventional…

A beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is an innovative type of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that has recently been proposed and is considered a revolutionary advancement in wave manipulation. Unlike the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Abd Ullah Khan , Uman Khalid , Trung Q. Duong , Hyundong Shin

Radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising technology for future wireless systems. However, the low power transfer efficiency (PTE) is a critical challenge for practical implementations. One of the main inefficiency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-21 Amirhossein Azarbahram , Onel L. A. López , Matti Latva-Aho

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a new advance and generalization of the RIS technique. BD-RIS breaks through the isolation between RIS elements by creatively introducing inter-element connections, thereby…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-11 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Yumeng Zhang , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has drawn considerable attention from the research society recently, which creates favorable propagation conditions by controlling the phase shifts of the reflected waves at the surface, thereby…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Boya Di , Hongliang Zhang , Lingyang Song , Yonghui Li , Zhu Han , H. Vincent Poor

Due to power attenuation, improving transmission efficiency in the radio-frequency (RF) band remains a significant challenge, which hinders advancements in various fields of the Internet of Things (IoT), such as wireless power transfer…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Qingwei Jiang , Mingqing Liu , Mengyuan Xu , Wen Fang , Mingliang Xiong , Qingwen Liu , Shengli Zhou

This work focuses on the use of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems to improve communication capacity and sensing precision, and enhance coverage for both functions. In contrast to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Bowen Wang , Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Ziyang Cheng , Bruno Clerckx

The robust beamforming design in multi-functional reconfigurable intelligent surface (MF-RIS) assisted wireless networks is investigated in this work, where the MF-RIS supports signal reflection, refraction, and amplification to address the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Ailing Zheng , Wanli Ni , Wen Wang , Hui Tian , Chau Yuen

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology is a promising solution to improve the performance of existing wireless communications. To achieve its cost-effectiveness advantage, there inevitably exist certain hardware impairments in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Yiming Liu , Rui Wang , Zhu Han

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has recently been introduced to enable advanced control over electromagnetic waves to further increase the benefits of traditional RIS in enhancing signal quality and improving…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Binggui Zhou , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) or Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) are metasurfaces that can be deployed in various places in wireless environments to make these environments controllable and reconfigurable. In this paper,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-22 S. Mohammad Razavizadeh , Tommy Svensson

The emerging reflecting intelligent surface (RIS) technology promises to enhance the capacity of wireless communication systems via passive reflect beamforming. However, the product path loss limits its performance gains. Fully-connected…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Konstantinos Ntougias , Symeon Chatzinotas , Ioannis Krikidis

Following the promising beamforming gains offered by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), a new hardware architecture, known as \emph{beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS)}, has recently been proposed. This architecture enables controllable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-02 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology for enhancing wireless communication by intelligently manipulating the propagation environment. Its interconnected elements offer…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Wali Ullah Khan , Chandan Kumar Sheemar , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas

The shift toward sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications demands transceiver architectures that simultaneously support high-data-rate communications, pervasive sensing, and sub-meter-level localization. Beyond these performance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Mahmoud Raeisi , Ayoub Ammar Boudjelal , Henk Wymeersch , Ertugrul Basar , Huseyin Arslan