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We propose a distributed quantum computing (DQC) architecture in which individual small-sized quantum computers are connected to a shared quantum gate processing unit (S-QGPU). The S-QGPU comprises a collection of hybrid two-qubit gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-24 Shengwang Du , Yufei Ding , Chunming Qiao

Quantum information technology has the potential to revolutionize computing, communications, and security. To fully realize its potential, quantum processors with millions of qubits are needed, which is still far from being accomplished.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Nicholas Skjellum , Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

Small interconnected quantum processors can collaborate to tackle quantum computational problems that typically demand more capable devices. These linked processors, referred to as quantum nodes, can use shared entangled states to execute…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 Lars Talsma , Álvaro G. Iñesta , Stephanie Wehner

Distributed quantum computation is a practical method for large-scale quantum computation on quantum processors with limited size. It can be realized by direct quantum channels in flying qubits. Moreover, the pre-established quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Tian-Ren Jin , Kai Xu , Heng Fan

Just as classical computing relies on distributed systems, the quantum computing era requires new kinds of infrastructure and software tools. Quantum networks will become the backbone of hybrid, quantum-augmented data centers, in which…

Classical simulation of quantum computers is an irreplaceable step in the design of quantum algorithms. Exponential simulation costs demand the use of high-performance computing techniques, and in particular distribution, whereby the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-06 Tyson Jones , Bálint Koczor , Simon C. Benjamin

Quantum simulation is a promising pathway toward practical quantum advantage by simulating large-scale quantum systems. In this work, we propose communication-efficient distributed quantum simulation protocols by exploring three quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Tianfeng Feng , Jue Xu , Wenjun Yu , Zekun Ye , Penghui Yao , Qi Zhao

Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) provides a means for scaling available quantum computation by interconnecting multiple quantum processor units (QPUs). A key challenge in this domain is efficiently allocating logical qubits from quantum…

With the advantages of high-speed parallel processing, quantum computers can efficiently solve large-scale complex optimization problems in future networks. However, due to the uncertain qubit fidelity and quantum channel noise, distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Napat Ngoenriang , Minrui Xu , Jiawen Kang , Dusit Niyato , Han Yu , Xuemin , Shen

The evolution of quantum computing technologies has been advancing at a steady pace in the recent years, and the current trend suggests that it will become available at scale for commercial purposes in the near future. The acceleration can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

Coordination in distributed systems is often hampered by communication latency, which degrades performance. Quantum entanglement offers fundamentally stronger correlations than classically achievable without communication. Crucially, these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Francisco Ferreira da Silva , Stephanie Wehner

We evaluate the performance of quantum arithmetic algorithms run on a distributed quantum computer (a quantum multicomputer). We vary the node capacity and I/O capabilities, and the network topology. The tradeoff of choosing between gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-12 Rodney Van Meter , W. J. Munro , Kae Nemoto , Kohei M. Itoh

We investigate the possibility of realising effective quantum gates between two atoms in distant cavities coupled by an optical fibre. We show that highly reliable swap and entangling gates are achievable. We exactly study the stability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alessio Serafini , Stefano Mancini , Sougato Bose

Scalability is currently one of the most sought-after objectives in the field of quantum computing. Distributing a quantum circuit across a quantum network is one way to facilitate large computations using current quantum computers. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-02 Ranjani G Sundaram , Himanshu Gupta

Distributing quantum entanglements over long distances is essential for the realization of a global scale quantum Internet. Most of the prior work and proposals assume an on-demand distribution of entanglements which may result in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Nitish K. Panigrahy , Don Towsley

In noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing, the limited scalability of a single quantum processing unit (QPU) can be extended through distributed quantum computing (DQC), in which one can implement global operations over two QPUs by…

Physical constraints and engineering challenges, including wafer dimensions, classical control cabling, and refrigeration volumes, impose significant limitations on the scalability of quantum computing units. As a result, a modular quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Hugo Jacinto , Élie Gouzien , Nicolas Sangouard

We propose a parallel protocol for implementing distributed nonlocal quantum gates between spatially separated stationary qubits encoded in dual-species quantum emitters (i.e., color-center and superconducting qubits). By utilizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Zhihao Xie , Adam Miranowicz , Zhenhua Li , Tao Li , Franco Nori

Distributed quantum computing supports combining the computational power of multiple quantum devices to overcome the limitations of individual devices. Circuit cutting techniques enable the distribution of quantum computations via classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Marvin Bechtold , Johanna Barzen , Frank Leymann , Alexander Mandl

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) provides a promising route toward scalable quantum computation, where entanglement-assisted LOCC and circuit knitting represent two complementary approaches. The former deterministically realizes nonlocal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Shao-Hua Hu , Po-Sung Liu , Jun-Yi Wu