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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) are propelling us toward artificial general intelligence with their remarkable emergent abilities and reasoning capabilities. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Ruihao Gong , Yang Yong , Shiqiao Gu , Yushi Huang , Chengtao Lv , Yunchen Zhang , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in natural language processing, but their high computational and memory costs hinder deployment on resource-constrained devices. Binarization represents the most extreme form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xianglong Yan , Tianao Zhang , Zhiteng Li , Haotong Qin , Yulun Zhang

Quantization leverages lower-precision weights to reduce the memory usage of large language models (LLMs) and is a key technique for enabling their deployment on commodity hardware. While LLM quantization's impact on utility has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kazuki Egashira , Mark Vero , Robin Staab , Jingxuan He , Martin Vechev

Network quantization is an effective solution to compress deep neural networks for practical usage. Existing network quantization methods cannot sufficiently exploit the depth information to generate low-bit compressed network. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Yuhui Xu , Yongzhuang Wang , Aojun Zhou , Weiyao Lin , Hongkai Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited exciting progress in multiple scenarios, while the huge computational demands hinder their deployments in lots of real-world applications. As an effective means to reduce memory footprint and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yijun Liu , Yuan Meng , Fang Wu , Shenhao Peng , Hang Yao , Chaoyu Guan , Chen Tang , Xinzhu Ma , Zhi Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Post-training quantization is a key technique for reducing the memory and inference latency of large language models by quantizing weights and activations without requiring retraining. However, existing methods either (1) fail to account…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jinuk Kim , Marwa El Halabi , Wonpyo Park , Clemens JS Schaefer , Deokjae Lee , Yeonhong Park , Jae W. Lee , Hyun Oh Song

In Large Language Models (LLMs), the number of parameters has grown exponentially in the past few years, e.g., from 1.5 billion parameters in GPT-2 to 175 billion in GPT-3 to possibly more than trillion in higher versions. This raises a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Mahmoud Elgenedy

Large language models (LLMs) demand extensive memory capacity during both fine-tuning and inference. To enable memory-efficient fine-tuning, existing methods apply block-wise quantization techniques, such as NF4 and AF4, to the network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Patrick Blumenberg , Thomas Graave , Tim Fingscheidt

Modern recurrent layers are emerging as a promising path toward edge deployment of foundation models, especially in the context of large language models (LLMs). Compressing the whole input sequence in a finite-dimensional representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Alessandro Pierro , Steven Abreu

Scale is often attributed as one of the factors that cause an increase in the performance of LLMs, resulting in models with billion and trillion parameters. One of the limitations of such large models is the high computational requirements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Sher Badshah , Hassan Sajjad

Complexity of Neural Networks is increasing rapidly due to the massive increase in model parameters. Specifically, in Large Language Models (LLMs), the number of model parameters has grown exponentially in the past few years, for example,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Mahmoud Elgenedy

Although weight and activation quantization is an effective approach for Deep Neural Network (DNN) compression and has a lot of potentials to increase inference speed leveraging bit-operations, there is still a noticeable gap in terms of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Dongqing Zhang , Jiaolong Yang , Dongqiangzi Ye , Gang Hua

Recently, pre-trained language models like BERT have shown promising performance on multiple natural language processing tasks. However, the application of these models has been limited due to their huge size. To reduce its size, a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Zihan Zhao , Yuncong Liu , Lu Chen , Qi Liu , Rao Ma , Kai Yu

This study investigates the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, in the context of Binary Reverse Engineering (RE). Employing a structured experimental approach, we analyzed the LLM's performance in interpreting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Saman Pordanesh , Benjamin Tan

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance across domains but face significant challenges when deployed on consumer-grade GPUs or personal devices such as laptops, due to high memory consumption and inference costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Li Lin , Xinyu Hu , Xiaojun Wan

This paper presents a comprehensive and practical guide for practitioners and end-users working with Large Language Models (LLMs) in their downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. We provide discussions and insights into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Jingfeng Yang , Hongye Jin , Ruixiang Tang , Xiaotian Han , Qizhang Feng , Haoming Jiang , Bing Yin , Xia Hu

Diffusion-based large language models (DLLMs) have shown promise for non-autoregressive text generation, but their deployment is constrained by large model sizes and heavy computational costs. Post-training quantization (PTQ), a widely used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Chen Xu , Dawei Yang

Quantization is widely used to accelerate inference and streamline the deployment of large language models (LLMs), yet its effects on self-explanations (SEs) remain unexplored. SEs, generated by LLMs to justify their own outputs, require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Qianli Wang , Nils Feldhus , Pepa Atanasova , Fedor Splitt , Simon Ostermann , Sebastian Möller , Vera Schmitt

Model quantization is a widely used technique to compress and accelerate deep neural network (DNN) inference, especially when deploying to edge or IoT devices with limited computation capacity and power consumption budget. The uniform bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Tao Wang , Junsong Wang , Chang Xu , Chao Xue

Deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved impressive success in multiple domains. Over the years, the accuracy of these models has increased with the proliferation of deeper and more complex architectures. Thus, state-of-the-art solutions…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Anderson R. Avila , Khalil Bibi , Rui Heng Yang , Xinlin Li , Chao Xing , Xiao Chen
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