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This article is a short introduction to and review of the cluster-state model of quantum computation, in which coherent quantum information processing is accomplished via a sequence of single-qubit measurements applied to a fixed quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Michael A. Nielsen

Developing state-of-the-art classical simulators of quantum circuits is of utmost importance to test and evaluate early quantum technology and understand the true potential of full-blown error-corrected quantum computers. In the past few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Salvatore Mandrà , Jeffrey Marshall , Eleanor G. Rieffel , Rupak Biswas

To realize the full potential of quantum computers, we must mitigate qubit errors by developing noise-aware algorithms, compilers, and architectures. Thus, simulating quantum programs on high-performance computing (HPC) systems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Meng Wang , Swamit Tannu , Prashant J. Nair

Over the past decade, machine learning techniques have revolutionized how research is done, from designing new materials and predicting their properties to assisting drug discovery to advancing cybersecurity. Recently, we added to this list…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Justyna P. Zwolak , Sandesh S. Kalantre , Xingyao Wu , Stephen Ragole , Jacob M. Taylor

Classical simulation of quantum computers is an irreplaceable step in the design of quantum algorithms. Exponential simulation costs demand the use of high-performance computing techniques, and in particular distribution, whereby the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-06 Tyson Jones , Bálint Koczor , Simon C. Benjamin

Recent developments have enabled advanced reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) via long Chain-of-Thought (CoT), while long CoT suffers from high computational costs and significant latency losses owing to the autoregressive nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Chengzhengxu Li , Xiaoming Liu , Zhaohan Zhang , Shaochu Zhang , Shengchao Liu , Guoxin Ma , Yu Lan , Chao Shen

When working with algorithms on quantum devices, quantum memory becomes a crucial bottleneck due to low qubit count in NISQ-era devices. In this context, the concept of `divide and compute', wherein a quantum circuit is broken into several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-25 Turbasu Chatterjee , Arnav Das , Shah Ishmam Mohtashim , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti

Quantum simulations are designed to model quantum systems, and many compilation frameworks have been developed for executing such simulations on quantum computers. Most compilers leverage the capabilities of digital and analog quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-26 Liyi Li , Federico Zahariev , Chandeepa Dissanayake , Jae Swanepoel , Amr Sabry , Mark S. Gordon

Quantum computers leverage the unique advantages of quantum mechanics to achieve acceleration over classical computers for certain problems. Currently, various quantum simulators provide powerful tools for researchers, but simulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 Shuangxiang Zhou , Ronghang Chen , Zheng An , Shi-Yao Hou

Quantum annealers are specialized quantum computers for solving combinatorial optimization problems using special characteristics of quantum computing (QC), such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum tunneling. Theoretically, quantum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Xinyi Wang , Asmar Muqeet , Tao Yue , Shaukat Ali , Paolo Arcaini

Cluster states can be used to perform measurement-based quantum computation. The cluster state is a useful resource, because once it has been generated only local operations and measurements are needed to perform universal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-21 Katherine L. Brown , Dominic Horsman , Viv Kendon , William J. Munro

Existing numerical optimizers deployed in quantum compilers use expensive $\mathcal{O}(4^n)$ matrix-matrix operations. Inspired by recent advances in quantum machine learning (QML), QFactor-Sample replaces matrix-matrix operations with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 Alon Kukliansky , Lukasz Cincio , Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

Today's quantum computers are primarily accessible through the cloud and potentially shifting to the edge network in the future. With the rapid advancement and proliferation of quantum computing research worldwide, there has been a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Hoa T. Nguyen , Muhammad Usman , Rajkumar Buyya

As quantum computers of non-trivial size become available in the near future, it is imperative to develop tools to emulate small quantum computers. This allows for validation and debugging of algorithms as well as exploring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-24 Thomas Häner , Damian S. Steiger , Mikhail Smelyanskiy , Matthias Troyer

Present-day quantum systems face critical bottlenecks, including limited qubit counts, brief coherence intervals, and high susceptibility to errors-all of which obstruct the execution of large and complex circuits. The advancement of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Waylon Luo , Jiapeng Zhao , Tong Zhan , Qiang Guan

Recently Quantum Computation has generated a lot of interest due to the discovery of a quantum algorithm which can factor large numbers in polynomial time. The usefulness of a quantum com puter is limited by the effect of errors. Simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kevin M. Obenland , Alvin M. Despain

Topological quantum computing has recently proven itself to be a powerful computational model when constructing viable architectures for large scale computation. The topological model is constructed from the foundation of a error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-24 Simon J. Devitt , Kae Nemoto

Inspired by the advancements in large language models based on transformers, we introduce the transformer quantum state (TQS): a versatile machine learning model for quantum many-body problems. In sharp contrast to Hamiltonian/task specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-08 Yuan-Hang Zhang , Massimiliano Di Ventra

We present an introduction to the Quantum Toolbox in Python (QuTiP) in the context of an undergraduate quantum mechanics class and potential senior research projects. QuTiP provides ready-to-use definitions of standard quantum states and…

Physics Education · Physics 2019-10-01 Andrew M. C. Dawes

Quantum computing, an innovative computing system carrying prominent processing rate, is meant to be the solutions to problems in many fields. Among these realms, the most intuitive application is to help chemical researchers correctly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-29 Qingchun Wang , Huan-Yu Liu , Qing-Song Li , Jianyu Zhao , Qiankun Gong , Ye Li , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo