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Materials with bespoke properties have long been identified by computational searches, and their experimental realisation is now coming within reach through autonomous laboratories. Scattering experiments are central to verifying the atomic…

The complexity of condensed matter arises from emergent behaviors that cannot be understood by analyzing individual constituents in isolation. While traditional condensed-matter approaches-developed primarily for ideal crystalline…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-30 Elisabetta Nocerino

Advances in generative artificial intelligence are transforming how metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are designed and discovered. This Perspective introduces the shift from laborious enumeration of MOF candidates to generative approaches…

High throughput experimentation tools, machine learning (ML) methods, and open material databases are radically changing the way new materials are discovered. From the experimentally driven approach in the past, we are moving quickly…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-06 Albertus Denny Handoko , Riko I Made

Materials informatics is increasingly used to support modelling, analysis and design across the length scales of materials science, from atomistic simulations to microstructural characterisation and continuum descriptions. Despite rapid…

The last two decades have seen tremendous advances in Artificial Intelligence. The exponential growth in terms of computation capabilities has given us hope of developing humans like robots. The question is: are we there yet? Maybe not.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Madhav Agarwal , Siddhant Bansal

An important milestone for AI is the development of algorithms that can produce drawings that are indistinguishable from those of humans. Here, we adapt the 'diversity vs. recognizability' scoring framework from Boutin et al, 2022 and find…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Victor Boutin , Thomas Fel , Lakshya Singhal , Rishav Mukherji , Akash Nagaraj , Julien Colin , Thomas Serre

Characterization of atomic-scale materials traditionally requires human experts with months to years of specialized training. Even for trained human operators, accurate and reliable characterization remains challenging when examining newly…

The concept of art has transposed meaning and medium across time, with its context being a deciding factor for its evolution. However, human beings' innermost functionality remains the same, and art, to this day, serves as an expression of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Alayt Issak

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as a new paradigm of scientific discovery, namely data-driven science, across nearly all scientific disciplines. In materials science and engineering, AI has already begun to exert a…

Artificial intelligence (AI) raises expectations of substantial increases in rates of technological and scientific progress, but such anticipations are often not connected to detailed ground-level studies of AI use in innovation processes.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-21 John P. Nelson , Olajide Olugbade , Philip Shapira , Justin B. Biddle

In societies increasingly entangled with algorithms, our choices are constantly influenced and shaped by automated systems. This convergence highlights significant concerns for individual autonomy in the age of data-driven AI. It leads to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ge Wang , Roy Pea

The real-world implementation of materials prediction algorithms remains limited by persistent characterization bottlenecks in materials discovery, where photon-based probe techniques (e.g., XRD or Raman) impose long acquisition times and…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping education, scientific training, and materials discovery. In materials science, AI models increasingly support property prediction, experiment prioritization, and hypothesis generation; however, the…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-05-12 Dongming Mei , Katherine Moore , Ben Sayler

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have sparked interest in scientific assistants that could support researchers across the full spectrum of scientific workflows, from literature review to experimental design and data analysis.…

After decades of uninterrupted progress and growth, information technology has so evolved that it can be said we are entering the age of autonomous machines, but there exist many roadblocks in the way of making this a reality. In this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Shaoshan Liu , Jean-Luc Gaudiot

In recent decades the set of knowledge, tools and practices, collectively referred to as "artificial intelligence" (AI), have become a mainstay of scientific research. Artificial intelligence techniques have not only developed enormously…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-12-26 Floriana Gargiulo , Sylvain Fontaine , Michel Dubois , Paola Tubaro

Cognitive Science has profoundly shaped disciplines such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Philosophy, Psychology, Neuroscience, Linguistics, and Culture. Many breakthroughs in AI trace their roots to cognitive theories, while AI itself has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Rui Mao , Qian Liu , Xiao Li , Erik Cambria , Amir Hussain

Crystalline materials, with symmetrical and periodic structures, exhibit a wide spectrum of properties and have been widely used in numerous applications across electronics, energy, and beyond. For crystalline materials discovery,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zhenzhong Wang , Haowei Hua , Wanyu Lin , Ming Yang , Kay Chen Tan

As the proliferation of high-throughput approaches in materials science is increasing the wealth of data in the field, the gap between accumulated-information and derived-knowledge widens. We address the issue of scientific discovery in…