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We develop random graph models where graphs are generated by connecting not only pairs of vertices by edges but also larger subsets of vertices by copies of small atomic subgraphs of arbitrary topology. This allows the for the generation of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-21 Anatol E. Wegner , Sofia Olhede

Network models with latent geometry have been used successfully in many applications in network science and other disciplines, yet it is usually impossible to tell if a given real network is geometric, meaning if it is a typical element in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-05-23 Dmitri Krioukov

Recent genomic and bioinformatic advances have motivated the development of numerous random network models purporting to describe graphs of biological, technological, and sociological origin. The success of a model has been evaluated by how…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Manuel Middendorf , Etay Ziv , Carter Adams , Jen Hom , Robin Koytcheff , Chaya Levovitz , Gregory Woods , Linda Chen , Chris Wiggins

We offer a solution to a long-standing problem in the physics of networks, the creation of a plausible, solvable model of a network that displays clustering or transitivity -- the propensity for two neighbors of a network node also to be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-13 M. E. J. Newman

Random key graphs were introduced to study various properties of the Eschenauer-Gligor key predistribution scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Recently this class of random graphs has received much attention in contexts as diverse…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-01-16 Osman Yağan , Armand M. Makowski

We present a generator of random networks where both the degree-dependent clustering coefficient and the degree distribution are tunable. Following the same philosophy as in the configuration model, the degree distribution and the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Angeles Serrano , Marian Boguna

Generalised degrees provide a natural bridge between local and global topological properties of networks. We define the generalised degree to be the number of neighbours of a node within one and two steps respectively. Tailored random graph…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-09-17 Ekaterina S. Roberts , Anthonius C. C. Coolen

Real-world networks tend to be scale free, having heavy-tailed degree distributions with more hubs than predicted by classical random graph generation methods. Preferential attachment and growth are the most commonly accepted mechanisms…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Josh Johnston , Tim Andersen

Complex systems, ranging from soft materials to wireless communication, are often organised as random geometric networks in which nodes and edges evenly fill up the volume of some space. Studying such networks is difficult because they…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Ivan Kryven , Rik Versendaal

We present an analytical approach to calculating the distribution of shortest paths lengths (also called intervertex distances, or geodesic paths) between nodes in unweighted undirected networks. We obtain very accurate results for…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-04-20 Sergey Melnik , James P. Gleeson

Recent work on the structure of social networks and the internet has focussed attention on graphs with distributions of vertex degree that are significantly different from the Poisson degree distributions that have been widely studied in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 M. E. J. Newman , S. H. Strogatz , D. J. Watts

We highlight intriguing features of complex networks that are grown by \emph{redirection}. In this mechanism, a target node is chosen uniformly at random from the pre-existing network nodes and the new node attaches either to this initial…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-14 P. L. Krapivsky , S. Redner

Given a set of graphs from some unknown family, we want to generate new graphs from that family. Recent methods use diffusion on either graph embeddings or the discrete space of nodes and edges. However, simple changes to embeddings (say,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Rahul Nandakumar , Deepayan Chakrabarti

Scale-free networks are abundant in nature and society, describing such diverse systems as the world wide web, the web of human sexual contacts, or the chemical network of a cell. All models used to generate a scale-free topology are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Albert-Laszlo Barabasi , Erzsebet Ravasz , Tamas Vicsek

Subgraphs such as cliques, loops and stars form crucial connections in the topologies of real-world networks. Random graph models provide estimates for how often certain subgraphs appear, which in turn can be tested against real-world…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden , Clara Stegehuis

We present a general model for the growth of weighted networks in which the structural growth is coupled with the edges' weight dynamical evolution. The model is based on a simple weight-driven dynamics and a weights' reinforcement…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Alain Barrat , Marc Barthelemy , Alessandro Vespignani

We introduce a general class of algorithms and supply a number of general results useful for analysing these algorithms when applied to regular graphs of large girth. As a result, we can transfer a number of results proved for random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-06 Carlos Hoppen , Nicholas Wormald

We generalize the degree-organizational view of real-world networks with broad degree-distributions in a landscape analogue with mountains (high-degree nodes) and valleys (low-degree nodes). For example, correlated degrees between adjacent…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-02-01 Jacob Bock Axelsen , Sebastian Bernhardsson , Martin Rosvall , Kim Sneppen , Ala Trusina

Small-world graphs, which combine randomized and structured elements, are seen as prevalent in nature. Jon Kleinberg showed that in some graphs of this type it is possible to route, or navigate, between vertices in few steps even with very…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-11-18 Oskar Sandberg

Recent results from statistical physics show that large classes of complex networks, both man-made and of natural origin, are characterized by high clustering properties yet strikingly short path lengths between pairs of nodes. This class…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Rui A. Costa , Joao Barros