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Large language models (LLMs) are helping millions of users write texts about diverse issues, and in doing so expose users to different ideas and perspectives. This creates concerns about issue bias, where an LLM tends to present just one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Paul Röttger , Musashi Hinck , Valentin Hofmann , Kobi Hackenburg , Valentina Pyatkin , Faeze Brahman , Dirk Hovy

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains such as enterprise and government, ensuring that they adhere to user-defined security policies within context is critical-especially with respect to information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Hwan Chang , Yumin Kim , Yonghyun Jun , Hwanhee Lee

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain wider adoption, ensuring their reliable handling of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) across diverse regulatory contexts has become essential. This work introduces a scalable multilingual data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Bharti Meena , Joanna Skubisz , Harshit Rajgarhia , Nand Dave , Kiran Ganesh , Shivali Dalmia , Abhishek Mukherji , Vasudevan Sundarababu

Large Language Models (LLMs) memorize, and thus, among huge amounts of uncontrolled data, may memorize Personally Identifiable Information (PII), which should not be stored and, consequently, not leaked. In this paper, we introduce Private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Giancarlo A. Xompero , Davide Venditti , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto

While robots have previously utilized rule-based systems or probabilistic models for user interaction, the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) presents new opportunities to develop LLM-powered robots for enhanced human-robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Dakota Sullivan , Shirley Zhang , Jennica Li , Heather Kirkorian , Bilge Mutlu , Kassem Fawaz

Internet users have been exposing an increasing amount of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) on social media. Such exposed PII can cause severe losses to the users, and informing users of their PII exposure is crucial to raise their…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Yizhi Liu , Fang Yu Lin , Mohammadreza Ebrahimi , Weifeng Li , Hsinchun Chen

Language Models as a Service (LMaaS) offers convenient access for developers and researchers to perform inference using pre-trained language models. Nonetheless, the input data and the inference results containing private information are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Yixiang Yao , Fei Wang , Srivatsan Ravi , Muhao Chen

Benchmarking large language models (LLMs) is critical for understanding their capabilities, limitations, and robustness. In addition to interface artifacts, prior studies have shown that LLM decisions can be influenced by directive signals…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yow-Fu Liou , Yu-Chien Tang , Yu-Hsiang Liu , An-Zi Yen

Mobile devices have access to personal, potentially sensitive data, and there is a large number of mobile applications and third-party libraries that transmit this information over the network to remote servers (including app developer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Evita Bakopoulou , Anastasia Shuba , Athina Markopoulou

Mobile Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing diverse fields such as healthcare, finance, and education with their ability to perform advanced natural language processing tasks on-the-go. However, the deployment of these models in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Honghui Xu , Kaiyang Li , Wei Chen , Danyang Zheng , Zhiyuan Li , Zhipeng Cai

The generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread deployment across various applications. However, this increased adoption has introduced several security threats, notably in the forms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francesco Panebianco , Stefano Bonfanti , Francesco Trovò , Michele Carminati

This study explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to analyze text comments from Reddit users, aiming to achieve two primary objectives: firstly, to pinpoint critical excerpts that support a predefined psychological assessment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Sergi Blanco-Cuaresma

Modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) pose significant individual-level privacy risks by linking fragmented multimodal data to identifiable individuals through hierarchical chain-of-thought reasoning. However, existing privacy benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Xiongtao Sun , Hui Li , Jiaming Zhang , Yujie Yang , Kaili Liu , Ruxin Feng , Wen Jun Tan , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Personalized AI agents rely on access to a user's digital footprint, which often includes sensitive data from private emails, chats and purchase histories. Yet this access creates a fundamental societal and privacy risk: systems lacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Srija Mukhopadhyay , Sathwik Reddy , Shruthi Muthukumar , Jisun An , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses based on user prompts. Often, these prompts may contain highly sensitive information, including personally identifiable information (PII), which could be exposed to third parties hosting these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shashie Dilhara Batan Arachchige , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Dinusha Vatsalan , Dali Kaafar

Large Language Model (LLM) systems are inherently compositional, with individual LLM serving as the core foundation with additional layers of objects such as plugins, sandbox, and so on. Along with the great potential, there are also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Fangzhou Wu , Ning Zhang , Somesh Jha , Patrick McDaniel , Chaowei Xiao

Evaluating aligned large language models' (LLMs) ability to recognize and reject unsafe user requests is crucial for safe, policy-compliant deployments. Existing evaluation efforts, however, face three limitations that we address with…

Due to the sensitive nature of personally identifiable information (PII), its owners may have the authority to control its inclusion or request its removal from large-language model (LLM) training. Beyond this, PII may be added or removed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jaydeep Borkar , Matthew Jagielski , Katherine Lee , Niloofar Mireshghallah , David A. Smith , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo

Large language models (LLMs), and conversational agents based on them, are exposed to personal data (PD) during pre-training and during user interactions. Prior work shows that PD can resurface, yet users lack insight into how strongly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Dimitri Staufer , Kirsten Morehouse

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance Agent-Based Modeling by better representing complex interdependent cybersecurity systems, improving cybersecurity threat modeling and risk management. However, evaluating LLMs in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Tam n. Nguyen
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