Related papers: Optimal neutralization of negative space charges i…
The bidirectional space charge effects in photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) devices are investigated systematically. First, we precisely determine the carrier concentrations and cathode temperatures by taking into account the…
Numerical and semi-analytical models are presented for photon-enhanced-thermionic-emission (PETE) devices. The models take diffusion of electrons, inhomogeneous photogeneration, and bulk and surface recombination into account. The…
The present article reports a comprehensive energy balance analysis of a photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) device when it is used for concentrated solar power (CSP) generation. To this end, we consider a realistic PETE device…
We use computational simulations to study the electron emission and propagation in planar vacuum diodes. We show how space-charge affects thermionic emission from cathodes with two different values of work function that form a checkerboard…
Ion beam charge neutralization by electron injection is a complex kinetic process. Recent experiments show that resulting self-potential of the beam after neutralization by plasma could be much lower than the temperature of plasma electrons…
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for low power and portable applications is studied with thermal neutron radiography. The PEMFC operates under full passive conditions, with an air-breathing cathode and a dead-end anode supplied…
Electron transpiration cooling (ETC) can reduce aerothermal loads on sharp hypersonic leading edges, but its performance is governed by whether thermionically emitted electrons escape the hot surface or return as cathode-directed backflow.…
Most attention to improving vacuum thermionic energy conversion device (TEC) technology has been on improving electron emission with little attention to collector optimization. A model was developed to characterize the output…
Fast-charging of lithium-ion batteries is essential for electric vehicle adoption, but aggressive charging can accelerate its degradation and create safety risks. This study investigates a control framework that coordinates charging current…
Understanding the dynamics of photoexcited carriers is essential for advancing photoelectronic device design. Photon absorption generates electron-hole pairs, and subsequent scatterings can induce ultrafast thermalization within a…
In this study, we quantify how charged particle concentration affects the neutralization rate of aerosol particles, focusing on the role of ion dynamics shaped by internal electric fields arising from net space charge. Conventional…
Asymmetric behaviors of capacitance and charging dynamics in the cathode and anode are general for nanoporous supercapacitors. Understanding this behavior is essential for the optimal design of supercapacitors. Herein, we perform…
Next-generation lithium-ion batteries with silicon anodes have positive characteristics due to higher energy densities compared to state-of-the-art graphite anodes. However, the large volume expansion of silicon anodes can cause high…
The rare physical property of negative thermal expansion (NTE) is intriguing because materials with large NTE over a wide temperature range can serve as high-performance thermal expansion compensators. However, applications of NTE are…
Using prototype modules of the ALICE Transition Radiation Detector we investigate space charge effects and the dependence of the pion rejection performance on the incident angle of the ionizing particle. The average pulse height…
Electro-thermal poling experiments were carried out on a bioactive glass, and the kinetics of the Na+ ion depletion layer formation under the anode was studied in-situ by means of ac impedance spectroscopy. One important finding is a linear…
Q. Ma et al.[1] recently reported a strong photocurrent associated with charge neutrality in graphene devices with non-uniform geometries, which they interpreted as an intrinsic photoresponse enhanced by the momentum non-relaxing nature of…
The worldwide developments of electric vehicles, as well as large-scale or grid-scale energy storage to compensate the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation has generated a surge of interest in battery technology. Understanding…
Electrical space thrusters show important advantages for applications in outer space compared to chemical thrusters, as they allow a longer mission lifetime with lower weight and propellant consumption. Mature technologies on the market…
This study demonstrates a substantial enhancement of breakdown voltage in $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$ Schottky diodes through an approach that combines fast neutron irradiation with controlled post-irradiation electro-thermal annealing. Devices…