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Large language models (LLMs) show promise for healthcare question answering, but clinical use is limited by weak verification, insufficient evidence grounding, and unreliable confidence signalling. We propose a multi-agent medical QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Naeimeh Nourmohammadi , Md Meem Hossain , The Anh Han , Safina Showkat Ara , Zia Ush Shamszaman

Background: We describe an informatics framework for researchers and clinical investigators to efficiently perform parameter sensitivity analysis and auto-tuning for algorithms that segment and classify image features in a large dataset of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-12-13 George Teodoro , Tahsin Kurc , Luis F. R. Taveira , Alba C. M. A. Melo , Jun Kong , Joel Saltz

The application of large language models (LLMs) in clinical decision support faces significant challenges of "tunnel vision" and diagnostic hallucinations present in their processing unstructured electronic health records (EHRs). To address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhiqi Lv , Duofan Tu , Jun Li , Mingyue Zhao , Heqin Zhu , Wenliang Li , Shaohua Kevin Zhou

Reliable prediction of pediatric obesity can offer a valuable resource to providers, helping them engage in timely preventive interventions before the disease is established. Many efforts have been made to develop ML-based predictive models…

In recent years, human in silico trials have gained significant traction as a powerful approach to evaluate the effects of drugs, clinical interventions, and medical devices. In silico trials not only minimise patient risks but also reduce…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Ruben Doste , Julia Camps , Zhinuo Jenny Wang , Lucas Arantes Berg , Maxx Holmes , Hannah Smith , Marcel Beetz , Lei Li , Abhirup Banerjee , Vicente Grau , Blanca Rodriguez

Systematic reviews, which entail the extraction of data from large numbers of scientific documents, are an ideal avenue for the application of machine learning. They are vital to many fields of science and philanthropy, but are very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Alexander Robertson , Jasmina Lazic , Theodora Tsouloufi , Louise Donnison , Karen Smyth

Large-scale language models have become increasingly challenging and expensive to train. Among various methods addressing this issue, Pipeline Parallelism has been widely employed to accommodate massive model weights within limited GPU…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Ziming Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Haotian Zhou , Yang You

Current cancer screening guidelines cover only a few cancer types and rely on narrowly defined criteria such as age or a single risk factor like smoking history, to identify high-risk individuals. Predictive models using electronic health…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jiheum Park , Chao Pang , Tristan Y. Lee , Jeong Yun Yang , Jacob Berkowitz , Alexander Z. Wei , Nicholas Tatonetti

The growing volume of academic publications poses significant challenges for researchers conducting timely and accurate Systematic Literature Reviews, particularly in fast-evolving fields like artificial intelligence. This growth of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 João Pedro Fernandes Torres , Catherine Mulligan , Joaquim Jorge , Catarina Moreira

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for computational pathology, offering unprecedented opportunities to integrate pathological images with language context for comprehensive diagnostic analysis. These…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-20 Zhe Xu , Ziyi Liu , Junlin Hou , Jiabo Ma , Cheng Jin , Yihui Wang , Zhixuan Chen , Zhengyu Zhang , Fuxiang Huang , Zhengrui Guo , Fengtao Zhou , Yingxue Xu , Xi Wang , Ronald Cheong Kin Chan , Li Liang , Hao Chen

Clinical variant classification of pathogenic versus benign genetic variants remains a pivotal challenge in clinical genetics. Recently, the proposition of protein language models has improved the generic variant effect prediction (VEP)…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-09 Huixin Zhan , Zijun Zhang

Objective:Develop and validate an algorithm for analyzing the layout of PDF clinical documents to improve the performance of downstream natural language processing tasks. Materials and Methods: We designed an algorithm to process clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Christel Gérardin , Perceval Wajsbürt , Basile Dura , Alice Calliger , Alexandre Moucher , Xavier Tannier , Romain Bey

Background: Clinical guidelines are central to safe evidence-based medicine in modern healthcare, providing diagnostic criteria, treatment options and monitoring advice for a wide range of illnesses. LLM-empowered chatbots have shown great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Julia Ive , Felix Jozsa , Nick Jackson , Paulina Bondaronek , Ciaran Scott Hill , Richard Dobson

Clinical trial eligibility matching is a critical yet often labor-intensive and error-prone step in medical research, as it ensures that participants meet precise criteria for safe and reliable study outcomes. Recent advances in Natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Muhammad Talha Sharif , Abdul Rehman

Survival analysis is central to clinical research, informing patient prognoses, guiding treatment decisions, and optimising resource allocation. Accurate time-to-event predictions not only improve quality of life but also reveal risk…

Integrating large language models (LLMs) like DeepSeek R1 into healthcare requires rigorous evaluation of their reasoning alignment with clinical expertise. This study assesses DeepSeek R1's medical reasoning against expert patterns using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Birger Moell , Fredrik Sand Aronsson , Sanian Akbar

Surgical resections are the most prevalent curative treatment for primary liver cancer. Tumors located in critical positions are known to complexify liver resections (LR). While experienced surgeons in specialized medical centers may have…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-18 Omar Ali , Alexandre Bone , Caterina Accardo , Omar Belkouchi , Marc-Michel Rohe , Eric Vibert , Irene Vignon-Clementel

Clinical trials need to recruit a sufficient number of volunteer patients to demonstrate the statistical power of the treatment (e.g., a new drug) in curing a certain disease. Clinical trial recruitment has a significant impact on trial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Ling Yue , Sixue Xing , Jintai Chen , Tianfan Fu

Clinical reasoning in medicine is a hypothesis-driven process where physicians refine diagnoses from limited information through targeted history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations. In contrast, current medical benchmarks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christopher Chiu , Silviu Pitis , Mihaela van der Schaar

Clinical trials (CTs) often fail due to inadequate patient recruitment. This paper tackles the challenges of CT retrieval by presenting an approach that addresses the patient-to-trials paradigm. Our approach involves two key components in a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Wojciech Kusa , Óscar E. Mendoza , Petr Knoth , Gabriella Pasi , Allan Hanbury