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LLM-based agents have shown promising capabilities in a growing range of software engineering (SWE) tasks. However, advancing this field faces two critical challenges. First, high-quality training data is scarce, especially data that…

We present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive cross-model evaluation of LLM agents on offensive cybersecurity tasks, benchmarking 10 frontier models from 7 providers on all 200 challenges of the NYU CTF Bench. Building on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tyler H. Merves , Michael H. Conaway , Joseph M. Escobar , Hakan T. Otal , Unal Tatar

Rapidly evolving cyberattacks demand incident response systems that can autonomously learn and adapt to changing threats. Prior work has extensively explored the reinforcement learning approach, which involves learning response strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yiran Gao , Kim Hammar , Tao Li

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering has revealed critical limitations in existing benchmarks, particularly the widely used SWE-bench dataset. Recent studies have uncovered severe data contamination…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capability to understand and develop code. However, their capability to rigorously reason about and prove code correctness remains in question. This paper offers a comprehensive study of…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Chenyuan Yang , Natalie Neamtu , Chris Hawblitzel , Jacob R. Lorch , Shan Lu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in building generalist agents that can learn through online interactions. However, applying reinforcement learning (RL) to train LLM agents in multi-turn,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanchen Zhang , Xiao Liu , Bowen Lv , Xueqiao Sun , Bohao Jing , Iat Long Iong , Zhenyu Hou , Zehan Qi , Hanyu Lai , Yifan Xu , Rui Lu , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Web applications remain the dominant attack surface in cybersecurity, where vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, XSS, and business logic flaws continue to cause significant data breaches. While penetration testing is effective for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Tran Vy Khang , Nguyen Dang Nguyen Khang , Nghi Hoang Khoa , Do Thi Thu Hien , Van-Hau Pham , Phan The Duy

Leveraging multiple Large Language Models(LLMs) has proven effective for addressing complex, high-dimensional tasks, but current approaches often rely on static, manually engineered multi-agent configurations. To overcome these constraints,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Xiaowen Ma , Chenyang Lin , Yao Zhang , Volker Tresp , Yunpu Ma

This paper proposes LATTE, the first static binary taint analysis that is powered by a large language model (LLM). LATTE is superior to the state of the art (e.g., Emtaint, Arbiter, Karonte) in three aspects. First, LATTE is fully automated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Puzhuo Liu , Chengnian Sun , Yaowen Zheng , Xuan Feng , Chuan Qin , Yuncheng Wang , Zhenyang Xu , Zhi Li , Peng Di , Yu Jiang , Limin Sun

LLM-based agents deliver state-of-the-art performance across tasks but incur high end-to-end latency on edge devices. We introduce Agent-X, a software-only, accuracy-preserving framework that accelerates both the prefill and decode stages…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jinha Chung , Byeongjun Shin , Jiin Kim , Minsoo Rhu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are commonly tuned with supervised finetuning on ReAct-style expert trajectories or preference optimization over pairwise rollouts. Most of these methods focus on imitating specific expert behaviors or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yu Xia , Yiran Shen , Junda Wu , Tong Yu , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Lina Yao , Julian McAuley

LLM multi-agent systems often coordinate through natural-language dialogue or loosely structured shared memory, making intermediate state difficult to validate, attribute, and audit. We introduce PatchBoard, a schema-grounded collaboration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shuyu Zhang , Yaqi Shi , Lu Wang

The rapid progress in Automated Program Repair (APR) has been driven by advances in AI, particularly large language models (LLMs) and agent-based systems. SWE-Bench is a recent benchmark designed to evaluate LLM-based repair systems using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Matias Martinez , Xavier Franch

In this work, we identify and address the core challenges of agentic memory management in LLM serving, where large-scale storage, frequent updates, and multiple coexisting agents jointly introduce complex and high-cost approximate nearest…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zhengding Hu , Zaifeng Pan , Prabhleen Kaur , Vibha Murthy , Zhongkai Yu , Yue Guan , Zhen Wang , Steven Swanson , Yufei Ding

LLM-based web agents have recently made significant progress, but much of it has occurred in closed-source systems, widening the gap with open-source alternatives. Progress has been held back by two key challenges: first, a narrow focus on…

Understanding and reasoning on the large-scale scientific literature is a crucial touchstone for large language model (LLM) based agents. However, existing works are mainly restricted to tool-free tasks within single papers, largely due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Daoyu Wang , Mingyue Cheng , Shuo Yu , Zirui Liu , Ze Guo , Xin Li , Qi Liu

The increasing complexity of hardware and software requires advanced development and test methodologies for modern systems on chips. This paper presents a novel approach to ARM-on-ARM virtualization within SystemC-based simulators using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Nils Bosbach , Rebecca Pelke , Niko Zurstraßen , Jan Henrik Weinstock , Lukas Jünger , Rainer Leupers

The rapid shift from stateless large language models (LLMs) to autonomous, goal-driven agents raises a central question: When is agentic AI truly necessary? While agents enable multi-step reasoning, persistent memory, and tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Shubhi Asthana , Bing Zhang , Chad DeLuca , Ruchi Mahindru , Hima Patel

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as data analysis agents, but existing benchmarks overlook the iterative nature of the field, where experts' decisions evolve with deeper insights of the dataset. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanyu Li , Haoyu Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Zeyu Zheng , Xiaotie Deng , Michael I. Jordan