English
Related papers

Related papers: Scalable Equilibrium Sampling with Sequential Bolt…

200 papers

Boltzmann generators (BGs) are now recognized as forefront generative models for sampling equilibrium states of many-body systems in the canonical ensemble, as well as for calculating the corresponding Helmholtz free energy. Furthermore,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-16 Steyn van Leeuwen , Alberto Pérez de Alba Ortíz , Marjolein Dijkstra

Sampling from unnormalized target distributions, e.g.\ Boltzmann distributions $\mu_{\text{target}}(x) \propto \exp(-E(x)/T)$, is fundamental to many scientific applications yet computationally challenging due to complex, high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-22 Niclas Dern , Lennart Redl , Sebastian Pfister , Marcel Kollovieh , David Lüdke , Stephan Günnemann

Boltzmann Generators have emerged as a promising machine learning tool for generating samples from equilibrium distributions of molecular systems using Normalizing Flows and importance weighting. Recently, Flow Matching has helped speed up…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-21 Lorenz Vaitl , Leon Klein

The sampling of probability distributions specified up to a normalization constant is an important problem in both machine learning and statistical mechanics. While classical stochastic sampling methods such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Hao Wu , Jonas Köhler , Frank Noé

Learning to sample from complex unnormalized distributions is a fundamental challenge in computational physics and machine learning. While score-based and variational methods have achieved success in continuous domains, extending them to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-11 Lei Li , Zhen Wang , Lishuo Zhang

The Boltzmann distribution of a protein provides a roadmap to all of its functional states. Normalizing flows are a promising tool for modeling this distribution, but current methods are intractable for typical pharmacological targets; they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Joseph C. Kim , David Bloore , Karan Kapoor , Jun Feng , Ming-Hong Hao , Mengdi Wang

Sampling from unnormalized densities using diffusion models has emerged as a powerful paradigm. However, while recent approaches that use least-squares `matching' objectives have improved scalability, they often necessitate significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Denis Blessing , Lorenz Richter , Julius Berner , Egor Malitskiy , Gerhard Neumann

Efficient sampling from high-dimensional and multimodal unnormalized probability distributions is a central challenge in many areas of science and machine learning. We focus on Boltzmann generators (BGs) that aim to sample the Boltzmann…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Christopher von Klitzing , Denis Blessing , Henrik Schopmans , Pascal Friederich , Gerhard Neumann

Sampling physical systems with rough energy landscapes is hindered by rare events and metastable trapping. While Boltzmann generators already offer a solution, their reliance on the reverse Kullback--Leibler divergence frequently induces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Guang Lin , Christian Moya , Di Qi , Xuda Ye

In this paper, we present a flow-based method for global optimization of continuous Sobolev functions, called Stein Boltzmann Sampling (SBS). SBS initializes uniformly a number of particles representing candidate solutions, then uses the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-21 Gaëtan Serré , Argyris Kalogeratos , Nicolas Vayatis

Computational methods for learning to sample from the Boltzmann distribution -- where the target distribution is known only up to an unnormalized energy function -- have advanced significantly recently. Due to the lack of explicit target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-26 Guan-Horng Liu , Jaemoo Choi , Yongxin Chen , Benjamin Kurt Miller , Ricky T. Q. Chen

Simulation-free training frameworks have been at the forefront of the generative modelling revolution in continuous spaces, leading to large-scale diffusion and flow matching models. However, such modern generative models suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Danyal Rehman , Oscar Davis , Jiarui Lu , Jian Tang , Michael Bronstein , Yoshua Bengio , Alexander Tong , Avishek Joey Bose

Non-equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations based on Jarzynski's equality are a well-understood method to compute differences in free energy and also to sample from a target probability distribution without the need to thermalize the system…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-10-07 Andrea Bulgarelli , Elia Cellini , Alessandro Nada

Sequential Monte Carlo Samplers are a class of stochastic algorithms for Monte Carlo integral estimation w.r.t. probability distributions, which combine elements of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and importance sampling/resampling…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andreas Eberle , Carlo Marinelli

Sampling from unnormalized densities presents a fundamental challenge with wide-ranging applications, from posterior inference to molecular dynamics simulations. Continuous flow-based neural samplers offer a promising approach, learning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Wuhao Chen , Zijing Ou , Yingzhen Li

We introduce numerical solvers for the steady-state Boltzmann equation based on the symmetric Gauss-Seidel (SGS) method. Due to the quadratic collision operator in the Boltzmann equation, the SGS method requires solving a nonlinear system…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Tianai Yin , Zhenning Cai , Yanli Wang

The multi-scale nature of gaseous flows poses tremendous difficulties for theoretical and numerical analysis. The Boltzmann equation, while possessing a wider applicability than hydrodynamic equations, requires significantly more…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-07-19 Tianbai Xiao , Steffen Schotthöfer , Martin Frank

Sampling lattice field theories near criticality is severely hindered by critical slowing down, which makes standard Markov chain methods increasingly inefficient at large lattice volumes. We introduce a multiscale generative sampler,…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2026-04-14 A. Singha , J. Kauffmann , E. Cellini , K. Jansen , S. Nakajima

Two recent landmark experiments have performed Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) with a non-programmable linear interferometer and threshold detectors on up to 144 output modes (see Refs.~\onlinecite{zhong_quantum_2020,zhong2021phase}). Here we…

Flow and diffusion-based models have emerged as powerful tools for scientific applications, particularly for sampling non-normalized probability distributions, as exemplified by Boltzmann Generators (BGs). A critical challenge in deploying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-27 Johann Flemming Gloy , Simon Olsson