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In order to provide more security on double-spending, we have implemented a system allowing for a web-of-trust. In this paper, we explore different approaches taken against double-spending and implement our own version to avoid this within…
This paper highlights the necessity to use modern blockchain technology in traditional banking sector to reduce frauds and enable high-security transactions on a permanent blockchain ledger. Reviewing different channels through which the…
Modern communication strives towards provably secure systems which can be widely deployed. Quantum key distribution provides a methodology to verify the integrity and security of a key exchange based on physical laws. However, physical…
Blockchain is one of the most discussed and highly accepted technologies, primarily due to its application in almost every field where third parties are needed for trust. Blockchain technology relies on distributed consensus for trust,…
Key distribution plays a fundamental role in cryptography. Currently, the quantum scheme stands as the only known method for achieving unconditionally secure key distribution. This method has been demonstrated over distances of 508 and 1002…
Recently, the invention of quantum computers was so revolutionary that they bring transformative challenges in a variety of fields, especially for the traditional cryptographic blockchain, and it may become a real thread for most of the…
The U.S. dollar's status as the global reserve currency faces growing challenges from a 36 trillion dollar national debt, geopolitical shifts, and the emergence of digital currencies. This paper introduces the Quantum Reserve Token (QRT), a…
An unconditionally secure quantum cion tossing protocol for two remote participants via entangled swapping is presented. The security of this protocol is guaranteed by the nonlocal property of quantum entanglement and the classical…
Most currently used cryptographic tools for protecting data are based on certain computational assumptions, which makes them vulnerable with respect to technological and algorithmic developments, such as quantum computing. One existing…
Numerous electronic cash schemes have been proposed over the years - however none have been embraced by financial institutions as an alternative to fiat currency. David Chaum's ecash scheme was the closest to something that mimicked a…
We propose a coin-flip protocol which yields a string of strong, random coins and is fully simulatable against poly-sized quantum adversaries on both sides. It can be implemented with quantum-computational security without any set-up…
Bidirectional quantum teleportation is a fundamental protocol for exchanging quantum information between two quantum nodes. All bidirectional quantum teleportation protocols till now have achieved a maximum efficiency of $40\%$. Here, we…
Web 3.0 pursues the establishment of decentralized ecosystems based on blockchain technologies to drive the digital transformation of physical commerce and governance. Through consensus algorithms and smart contracts in blockchain, which…
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that ensures secure communication by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, such as the no-cloning theorem and quantum uncertainty. This chapter provides an overview of this quantum…
A cryptocurrency is a decentralized digital currency that is designed for secure and private asset transfer and storage. As a currency, it should be difficult to counterfeit and double-spend. In this paper, we review and analyze the major…
With the drive to create a decentralized digital economy, Web 3.0 has become a cornerstone of digital transformation, developed on the basis of computing-force networking, distributed data storage, and blockchain. With the rapid realization…
Mediated semi-quantum key distribution (M-SQKD) permits two limited "semi-quantum" or "classical" users to establish a secret key with the help of a third party (TP), in which TP has fully quantum power and may be untrusted. Several…
This letter proposes a novel key distribution protocol with no key exchange in advance, which is secure as the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol. Our protocol utilizes a photon in superposition state for single-bit data transmission…
In this paper, we provide an overview of the recent work in the quantum finance realm from various perspectives. The applications in consideration are Portfolio Optimization, Fraud Detection, and Monte Carlo methods for derivative pricing…
Quantum key distribution, which allows two distant parties to share an unconditionally secure cryptographic key, promises to play an important role in the future of communication. For this reason such technique has attracted many…