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Quantum computation will rely on quantum error correction to counteract decoherence. Successfully implementing an error correction protocol requires the fidelity of qubit operations to be well-above error correction thresholds. In…

Repeated quantum non-demolition measurement is a cornerstone of quantum error correction protocols. In superconducting qubits, the speed of dispersive state readout can be enhanced by increasing the power of the readout tone. However, such…

The realization of fault-tolerant quantum computing requires the execution of quantum error-correction (QEC) schemes, to mitigate the fragile nature of qubits. In this context, to ensure the success of QEC, a protocol capable of…

Active qubit reset is a key operation in many quantum algorithms, and particularly in error correction codes. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a reset scheme of a three level transmon artificial atom coupled to a large bandwidth…

Qubit initialization is a critical task in quantum computation and communication. Extensive efforts have been made to achieve this with high speed, efficiency and scalability. However, previous approaches have either been measurement-based…

While relatively easy to engineer, static transverse coupling between a qubit and a cavity mode satisfies the criteria for a quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement only if the coupling between the qubit and cavity is much less than their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-06 Bryan T. Gard , Kurt Jacobs , José Aumentado , Raymond W. Simmonds

We present a superconducting device that realizes the sequential measurement of a transmon qubit. The device disables common limitations of dispersive readout such as Purcell effect or transients in the cavity mode by turning on and off the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-08 Théau Peronnin , Danijela Marković , Quentin Ficheux , Benjamin Huard

We study how the spontaneous relaxation of a qubit affects a continuous quantum non-demolition measurement of the initial state of the qubit. Given some noisy measurement record $\Psi$, we seek an estimate of whether the qubit was initially…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jay Gambetta , W. A. Braff , A. Wallraff , S. M. Girvin , R. J. Schoelkopf

High-fidelity and rapid readout of a qubit state is key to quantum computing and communication, and it is a prerequisite for quantum error correction. We present a readout scheme for superconducting qubits that combines two microwave…

Designing quantum systems with the measurement speed and accuracy needed for quantum error correction using superconducting qubits requires iterative design and test informed by accurate models and characterization tools. We introduce a…

Superconducting qubits typically use a dispersive readout scheme, where a resonator is coupled to a qubit such that its frequency is qubit-state dependent. Measurement is performed by driving the resonator, where the transmitted resonator…

The accurate measurement of quantum two-level objects (qubits) is crucial for developing quantum computers. Over the last decade, the measure of choice for benchmarking readout routines for superconducting qubits has been assignment…

Measurement is an essential component of quantum algorithms, and for superconducting qubits it is often the most error prone. Here, we demonstrate model-based readout optimization achieving low measurement errors while avoiding detrimental…

Qubit measurements are central to quantum information processing. In the field of superconducting qubits, standard readout techniques are not only limited by the signal-to-noise ratio, but also by state relaxation during the measurement. In…

An adiabatic method for a single-shot non-demolition measurement of the phase qubit is suggested. The qubit is inductively coupled to a low-frequency resonator, which in turn is connected with a classical measurement device (phase meter).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-26 G. P. Berman , A. A. Chumak , D. I. Kamenev , D. Kinion , V. I. Tsifrinovich

High fidelity qubit readout is a cornerstone for quantum information protocols. In traditional superconducting qubit readout, a chain of microwave amplifiers and nonreciprocal components aid in detecting the qubit's state with tolerable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 B. T. Miller , Lindsay Orr , A. Metelmann , F. Lecocq

Non-demolition readout and high-fidelity unconditional reset of qubits are key requirements for practical quantum computation. For superconducting qubits, readout and reset are typically realized using resonators based on dispersive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Shu Watanabe , Kotaro Hida , Kohei Matsuura , Yasunobu Nakamura

Quantum error correction is essential for reliable quantum computation, where surface codes demonstrate high fault-tolerant thresholds and hardware efficiency. However, noise in single-shot measurements limits logical readout fidelity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Xiao-Yue Xu , Chen Ding , Wan-Su Bao

The speed of quantum gates and measurements is a decisive factor for the overall fidelity of quantum protocols when performed on physical qubits with finite coherence time. Reducing the time required to distinguish qubit states with high…

The dispersive-readout scheme enables quantum nondemolition measurement of superconducting qubits. An increased readout power can shorten the readout time and reduce the state discrimination error but can promote qubit transitions into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-12 Konstantin N. Nesterov , Ivan V. Pechenezhskiy
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