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Multi-kernel learning has been well explored in the recent past and has exhibited promising outcomes for multi-class classification and regression tasks. In this paper, we present a multiple kernel learning approach for the One-class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Chandan Gautam , Ramesh Balaji , K Sudharsan , Aruna Tiwari , Kapil Ahuja

Novel reinforcement learning algorithms, or improvements on existing ones, are commonly justified by evaluating their performance on benchmark environments and are compared to an ever-changing set of standard algorithms. However, despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Scott M. Jordan , Adam White , Bruno Castro da Silva , Martha White , Philip S. Thomas

Lexical Simplification (LS) methods use a three-step pipeline: complex word identification, substitute generation, and substitute ranking, each with separate evaluation datasets. We found large language models (LLMs) can simplify sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Jipeng Qiang , Minjiang Huang , Yi Zhu , Yunhao Yuan , Chaowei Zhang , Xiaoye Ouyang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at various tasks, including solving math word problems (MWPs), but struggle with real-world problems containing irrelevant information. To address this, we propose a prompting framework that generates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ujjwala Anantheswaran , Himanshu Gupta , Kevin Scaria , Shreyas Verma , Chitta Baral , Swaroop Mishra

We present FLUKE (Framework for LingUistically-driven and tasK-agnostic robustness Evaluation), a framework for assessing model robustness through systematic minimal variations of test data. FLUKE introduces controlled variations across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yulia Otmakhova , Hung Thinh Truong , Rahmad Mahendra , Zenan Zhai , Rongxin Zhu , Daniel Beck , Jey Han Lau

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

The rapid adoption of LLMs in both research and industry highlights the challenges of deploying them safely and reveals a gap in the systematic evaluation of toxicity benchmarks. As organizations increasingly rely on these benchmarks to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Regina Gugg , Selina Niederländer , Andreas Stöckl , Martin Flechl

Reasoning models enhance performance by tackling problems in a step-by-step manner, decomposing them into sub-problems and exploring long chains of thought before producing an answer. However, applying extended reasoning to every step…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Haiquan Lu , Gongfan Fang , Xinyin Ma , Qi Li , Xinchao Wang

This paper systematically compares different methods of deriving item-level predictions of language models for multiple-choice tasks. It compares scoring methods for answer options based on free generation of responses, various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Polina Tsvilodub , Hening Wang , Sharon Grosch , Michael Franke

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has outpaced the development of effective evaluation methods. Traditional benchmarks rely on task-specific metrics and static datasets, which often suffer from fairness issues, limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuhang Zhou , Xutian Chen , Yixin Cao , Yuchen Ni , Yu He , Siyu Tian , Xiang Liu , Jian Zhang , Chuanjun Ji , Guangnan Ye , Xipeng Qiu

With the evolution of large language models (LLMs), their robustness against individual simple biases has been enhanced. However, we observe that the ensemble of multiple simple biases still exerts a significant adverse impact on LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhouhao Sun , Zhiyuan Kan , Xiao Ding , Li Du , Bibo Cai , Yang Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large Language Models employing Chain-of-Thought reasoning achieve strong performance but suffer from excessive token consumption that inflates inference costs. Existing efficiency methods such as explicit length penalties, difficulty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Bangji Yang , Hongbo Ma , Jiajun Fan , Ge Liu

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit impressive cross-modal understanding and reasoning abilities, often assessed through multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that include an image, a question, and several options. However, many benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jinsheng Huang , Liang Chen , Taian Guo , Fu Zeng , Yusheng Zhao , Bohan Wu , Ye Yuan , Haozhe Zhao , Zhihui Guo , Yichi Zhang , Jingyang Yuan , Wei Ju , Luchen Liu , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Ming Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities, yet selecting the most reliable response from multiple LLMs remains a challenge, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Existing approaches often depend on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Aakriti Agrawal , Rohith Aralikatti , Anirudh Satheesh , Souradip Chakraborty , Amrit Singh Bedi , Furong Huang

Deep learning has revolutionized many industries by enabling models to automatically learn complex patterns from raw data, reducing dependence on manual feature engineering. However, deep learning algorithms are sensitive to input data, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mert Sehri , Zehui Hua , Francisco de Assis Boldt , Patrick Dumond

The selection, development, or comparison of machine learning methods in data mining can be a difficult task based on the target problem and goals of a particular study. Numerous publicly available real-world and simulated benchmark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Randal S. Olson , William La Cava , Patryk Orzechowski , Ryan J. Urbanowicz , Jason H. Moore

Large language models (LLMs) often appear to excel on public benchmarks, but these high scores may mask an overreliance on dataset-specific surface cues rather than true language understanding. We introduce the Chameleon Benchmark Overfit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Nurit Cohen-Inger , Yehonatan Elisha , Bracha Shapira , Lior Rokach , Seffi Cohen

Symbolic execution now becomes an indispensable technique for software testing and program analysis. There are several symbolic execution tools available off-the-shelf, and we need a practical benchmark approach to learn their capabilities.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Hui Xu , Zirui Zhao , Yangfan Zhou , Michael R. Lyu

Previous works in prompt engineering for large language models have introduced different gradient-free probability-based prompt selection methods that aim to choose the optimal prompt among the candidates for a given task but have failed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Sohee Yang , Jonghyeon Kim , Joel Jang , Seonghyeon Ye , Hyunji Lee , Minjoon Seo

Classical and natural language planning tasks remain a difficult domain for modern large language models (LLMs). In this work, we lay the foundations for improving planning capabilities of LLMs. First, we construct a comprehensive benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Bernd Bohnet , Azade Nova , Aaron T Parisi , Kevin Swersky , Katayoon Goshvadi , Hanjun Dai , Dale Schuurmans , Noah Fiedel , Hanie Sedghi