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E-commerce companies have a number of online products, such as organic search, sponsored search, and recommendation modules, to fulfill customer needs. Although each of these products provides a unique opportunity for users to interact with…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-23 Xuan Yin , Liangjie Hong

Randomized experiments have become a cornerstone of evidence-based decision-making in contexts ranging from online platforms to public health. However, in experimental settings with network interference, a unit's treatment can influence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sadegh Shirani , Yuwei Luo , William Overman , Ruoxuan Xiong , Mohsen Bayati

The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) of a medical intervention but requires 100s-1000s of subjects, making it expensive and difficult to implement. While a cross-over…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-10 Sayeri Lala , Niraj K. Jha

In the past two decades, AB testing has proliferated to optimise products in digital domains. Traditional AB tests use fixed-horizon testing, determining the sample size of the experiment and continuing until the experiment has concluded.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-01 Daniel Beasley

A/B testing, a widely used form of Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), is a fundamental tool in business data analysis and experimental design. However, despite its intent to maintain randomness, A/B testing often faces challenges that…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-13 Zihao Zheng , Carol Liu

For web agents to be practically useful, they must adapt to the continuously evolving web environment characterized by frequent updates to user interfaces and content. However, most existing benchmarks only capture the static aspects of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yichen Pan , Dehan Kong , Sida Zhou , Cheng Cui , Yifei Leng , Bing Jiang , Hangyu Liu , Yanyi Shang , Shuyan Zhou , Tongshuang Wu , Zhengyang Wu

Randomization tests and flexible treatment-effect models offer complementary strengths for analyzing data from randomized panel experiments: the former provide valid inference under the known assignment mechanism, while the latter can…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Fangnan Zheng , Yao Zhang

Incrementality experiments compare customers exposed to a marketing action designed to increase sales to those randomly assigned to a control group. These experiments suffer from noisy responses which make precise estimation of the average…

Applications · Statistics 2023-05-11 Ron Berman , Elea McDonnell Feit

Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to draw conclusions about populations from sample data, typically represented in tables. With the prevalence of graph representations in real-life applications, hypothesis testing in graphs is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-27 Yun Wang , Chrysanthi Kosyfaki , Sihem Amer-Yahia , Reynold Cheng

Augmenting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with external real-world data (RWD) has the potential to improve the finite sample efficiency of treatment effect estimators. We describe using adaptive targeted maximum likelihood estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-30 Sky Qiu , Jens Tarp , Andrew Mertens , Mark van der Laan

With the growing needs of online A/B testing to support the innovation in industry, the opportunity cost of running an experiment becomes non-negligible. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for an efficient continuous monitoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Runzhe Wan , Yu Liu , James McQueen , Doug Hains , Rui Song

Modern online experimentation faces two bottlenecks: scarce traffic forces tough choices on which variants to test, and post-hoc insight extraction is manual, inconsistent, and often content-agnostic. Meanwhile, organizations underuse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhengmian Hu , Lei Shi , Ritwik Sinha , Justin Grover , David Arbour

Consider $K$ processes, each generating a sequence of identical and independent random variables. The probability measures of these processes have random parameters that must be estimated. Specifically, they share a parameter $\theta$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Arpan Mukherjee , Ali Tajer , Pin-Yu Chen , Payel Das

In many contexts it is useful to predict the number of individuals in some population who will initiate a particular activity during a given period. For example, the number of users who will install a software update, the number of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-15 Thomas Richardson , Yu Liu , James McQueen , Doug Hains

This paper proposes a one-covariate-at-a-time multiple testing (OCMT) approach to choose significant variables in high-dimensional nonparametric additive regression models. Similarly to Chudik, Kapetanios and Pesaran (2018), we consider the…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-05-15 Liangjun Su , Thomas Tao Yang , Yonghui Zhang , Qiankun Zhou

This article proposes an online bootstrap scheme for nonparametric level estimation in nonstationary time series. Our approach applies to a broad class of level estimators expressible as weighted sample averages over time windows, including…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-02 Thomas Nagler , Tobias Brock , Nicolai Palm

Information retrieval systems are usually measured by labeling the relevance of results corresponding to a sample of user queries. In practical search engines, such measurement needs to be performed continuously, such as daily or weekly.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Nikita Astrakhantsev , Deepak Chittajallu , Nabeel Kaushal , Vladislav Mokeev

Online Controlled Experiments (OCEs) are the gold standard in evaluating the effectiveness of changes to websites. An important type of OCE evaluates different personalization strategies, which present challenges in low test power and lack…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-11 C. H. Bryan Liu , Emma J. McCoy

A/B testing is a common approach used in industry to facilitate innovation through the introduction of new features or the modification of existing software. Traditionally, A/B tests are conducted sequentially, with each experiment…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Federico Quin , Danny Weyns

A/B tests, also known as randomized controlled experiments (RCTs), are the gold standard for evaluating the impact of new policies, products, or decisions. However, these tests can be costly in terms of time and resources, potentially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-03 Shima Nassiri , Mohsen Bayati , Joe Cooprider
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