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A graph $G$ is $\{F_{1}, F_{2},\dots,F_{k}\}$-free if $G$ contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to any $F_{i}$ $(1\leq i \leq k)$. A connected graph $G$ is a split graph if its vertex set can be partitioned into a clique and an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-16 Tao Tian , Fengming Dong

A path in an edge-colored graph is called proper if no two consecutive edges of the path receive the same color. For a connected graph $G$, the proper connection number $pc(G)$ of $G$ is defined as the minimum number of colors needed to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-29 Fei Huang , Xueliang Li , Zhongmei Qin , Colton Magnant , Kenta Ozeki

The eccentric connectivity index of a connected graph $G$ is the sum over all vertices $v$ of the product $d_{G}(v) e_{G}(v)$, where $d_{G}(v)$ is the degree of $v$ in $G$ and $e_{G}(v)$ is the maximum distance between $v$ and any other…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Gauvain Devillez , Alain Hertz , Hadrien Mélot , Pierre Hauweele

The $3$-path isolation number of a connected $n$-vertex graph $G$, denoted by $\iota(G,P_3)$, is the size of a smallest subset $D$ of the vertex set of $G$ such that the closed neighbourhood $N[D]$ of $D$ in $G$ intersects the vertex sets…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Karl Bartolo , Peter Borg , Dayle Scicluna

Let $G$ be an $n$-vertex graph and let $L:V(G)\rightarrow P(\{1,2,3\})$ be a list assignment over the vertices of $G$, where each vertex with list of size 3 and of degree at most 5 has at least three neighbors with lists of size 2. We can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-15 Nicholas Crawford , Sogol Jahanbekam

A triangle-path in a graph $G$ is a sequence of distinct triangles $T_1,T_2,\ldots,T_m$ in $G$ such that for any $i, j$ with $1\leq i < j \leq m$, $|E(T_i)\cap E(T_{i+1})|=1$ and $E(T_i)\cap E(T_j)=\emptyset$ if $j > i+1$. A connected graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Liangchen Li , Chong Li , Rong Luo , Cun-Quan Zhang

The independent domination number $i(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a maximal independent set of $G$, also called an $i(G)$-set. The $i$-graph of $G$ is the graph whose vertices correspond to the $i(G)$-sets, and where two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Richard Brewster , Kieka Mynhardt , Laura Teshima

A simple graph $G$ with edge-connectivity $\lambda(G)$ and minimum degree $\delta(G)$ is maximally edge connected if $\lambda(G)=\delta(G)$. In 1964, given a non-increasing degree sequence $\pi=(d_{1},\ldots,d_{n})$, Jack Edmonds showed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-16 James M. Shook

Let G be a simple graph without isolated vertices. For a vertex i in G, the degree d_i is the number of vertices adjacent to i and the average 2-degree m_i is the mean of the degrees of the vertices which are adjacent to i. The sequence of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-08 Yu-pei Huang , Chia-an Liu , Chih-wen Weng

A non-increasing sequence $\pi=(d_1,\ldots,d_n)$ of nonnegative integers is said to be graphic if it is realizable by a simple graph $G$ on $n$ vertices. A graphic sequence $\pi=(d_1,\ldots,d_n)$ is said to be potentially $_3C_\ell$-graphic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-03 Guang-Ming Li , Jian-Hua Yin

A graph $G$ is said to be $k$-$\gamma_{c}$-critical if the connected domination number $\gamma_{c}(G)$ is equal to $k$ and $\gamma_{c}(G + uv) < k$ for any pair of non-adjacent vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$. Let $\zeta$ be the number of cut…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-23 Pawaton Kaemawichanurat

A sequence of nonnegative integers \pi =(d_1,d_2,...,d_n) is graphic if there is a (simple) graph G with degree sequence \pi. In this case, G is said to realize or be a realization of \pi. Degree sequence results in the literature generally…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-04 Michael Ferrara , Timothy D. LeSaulnier , Casey K. Moffatt , Paul S. Wenger

Let $\kappa'(G)$ be the edge connectivity of $G$ and $G\times H$ the direct product of $G$ and $H$. Let $H$ be an arbitrary dense graph with minimal degree $\delta(H)>|H|/2$. We prove that for any graph $G$, $\kappa'(G\times…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-28 Wei Wang , Zhidan Yan

The generalized $k$-connectivity $\kappa_{k}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is a parameter that can measure the reliability of a network $G$ to connect any $k$ vertices in $G$, which is proved to be NP-complete for a general graph $G$. Let $S\subseteq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-31 Shu-Li Zhao , Rong-Xia Hao

The classical problem of degree sequence realizability asks whether or not a given sequence of $n$ positive integers is equal to the degree sequence of some $n$-vertex undirected simple graph. While the realizability problem of degree…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Amotz Bar-Noy , Keerti Choudhary , David Peleg , Dror Rawitz

It is known that if G is a connected simple graph, then G^3 is Hamiltonian (in fact, Hamilton-connected). A simple graph is k-ordered Hamiltonian if for any sequence v_1, v_2, ..., v_k of k vertices there is a Hamiltonian cycle containing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Denis Chebikin

A graph $G$ is $k$-ordered if for any distinct vertices $v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_k \in V(G)$, it has a cycle through $v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_k$ in order. Let $f(k)$ denote the minimum integer so that every $f(k)$-connected graph is $k$-ordered.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Rose McCarty , Yan Wang , Xingxing Yu

An edge in a $k$-connected graph $G$ is called {\em $k$-contractible} if the graph $G/e$ obtained from $G$ by contracting $e$ is $k$-connected. Generalizing earlier results on $3$-contractible edges in spanning trees of $3$-connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-31 Matthias Kriesell , Jens M. Schmidt

We show that every $3$-connected $\{K_{1,3},\Gamma_3\}$-free graph is Hamilton-connected, where $\Gamma_3$ is the graph obtained by joining two vertex-disjoint triangles with a path of length $3$. This resolves one of the two last open…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-04 Adam Kabela , Zdeněk Ryjáček , Mária Skyvová , Petr Vrána

Given a graph G, of arbitrary size and unbounded vertex degree, denote by |G| the one-complex associated with $G$. The topological space |G| is n-arc connected (n-ac) if every set of no more than n points of |G| are contained in an arc (a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-01 Paul Gartside , Ana Mamatelashvili , Max Pitz