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Self-play methods have demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing model capabilities across various domains. In the context of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), self-play not only boosts Large Language Model (LLM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Mingzhi Wang , Chengdong Ma , Qizhi Chen , Linjian Meng , Yang Han , Jiancong Xiao , Zhaowei Zhang , Jing Huo , Weijie J. Su , Yaodong Yang

Traditional language model alignment methods, such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), are limited by their dependence on static, pre-collected paired preference data, which hampers their adaptability and practical applicability. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Yueqin Yin , Zhendong Wang , Yujia Xie , Weizhu Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in automating software development tasks. While recent advances leverage Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to align models with human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xin Yin , Chao Ni , Xiaohu Yang

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to human preferences is a crucial step in building helpful and safe AI tools, which usually involve training on supervised datasets. Popular algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Honggen Zhang , Xufeng Zhao , Igor Molybog , June Zhang

Enhancing the conformity of large language models (LLMs) to human preferences remains an ongoing research challenge. Recently, offline approaches such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have gained prominence as attractive options due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Kaihui Chen , Hao Yi , Qingyang Li , Tianyu Qi , Yulan Hu , Fuzheng Zhang , Yong Liu

Human visual preferences are inherently multi-dimensional, encompassing aesthetics, detail fidelity, and semantic alignment. However, existing datasets provide only single, holistic annotations, resulting in severe label noise: images that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xinxin Liu , Ming Li , Zonglin Lyu , Yuzhang Shang , Chen Chen

We propose Soft Preference Optimization (SPO), a method for aligning generative models, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), with human preferences, without the need for a reward model. SPO optimizes model outputs directly over a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Arsalan Sharifnassab , Saber Salehkaleybar , Sina Ghiassian , Surya Kanoria , Dale Schuurmans

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) enhances the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, its limitations have led to the development of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), an RL-free approach designed to overcome…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Amir Saeidi , Shivanshu Verma , Aswin RRV , Kashif Rasul , Chitta Baral

Large language models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention in recommendation systems. Current work primarily applies supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to adapt the model for recommendation tasks. However, SFT on positive examples only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Chongming Gao , Ruijun Chen , Shuai Yuan , Kexin Huang , Yuanqing Yu , Xiangnan He

Preference optimization is a standard approach to fine-tuning large language models to align with human preferences. The quantity, diversity, and representativeness of the preference dataset are critical to the effectiveness of preference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yuu Jinnai , Ukyo Honda

A significant portion of recent research on Large Language Model (LLM) alignment focuses on developing new policy optimization methods based on Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). Two prominent directions have emerged: (i) a shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Svetlana Glazyrina , Maksim Kryzhanovskiy , Roman Ischenko

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for aligning large language models with human preferences. While prior work mainly extends DPO from the aspect of the objective function, we instead improve DPO from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xun Deng , Han Zhong , Rui Ai , Fuli Feng , Zheng Wang , Xiangnan He

Many algorithms for aligning LLMs with human preferences assume that human preferences are binary and deterministic. However, human preferences can vary across individuals, and therefore should be represented distributionally. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hiroki Furuta , Kuang-Huei Lee , Shixiang Shane Gu , Yutaka Matsuo , Aleksandra Faust , Heiga Zen , Izzeddin Gur

Prompt engineering is effective but labor-intensive, motivating automated optimization methods. Existing methods typically require labeled datasets, which are often unavailable, and produce verbose, repetitive prompts. We introduce PrefPO,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rahul Singhal , Pradyumna Tambwekar , Karime Maamari

Modern alignment pipelines are increasingly replacing expensive human preference labels with evaluations from large language models (LLM-as-Judge). However, AI labels can be systematically biased compared to high-quality human feedback…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Xintao Xia , Zhiqiu Xia , Linjun Zhang , Zhanrui Cai

Direct Preference Optimization is an offline post-SFT method for aligning language models from preference pairs, with strong results in instruction following and summarization. However, DPO's sequence-level implicit reward can be brittle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Samah Fodeh , Linhai Ma , Ganesh Puthiaraju , Srivani Talakokkul , Afshan Khan , Ashley Hagaman , Sarah R. Lowe , Aimee Kendall Roundtree

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as the standard paradigm for aligning large language models with human preferences. However, reward-based methods grounded in the Bradley-Terry assumption struggle to capture the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Fang Wu , Xu Huang , Weihao Xuan , Zhiwei Zhang , Yijia Xiao , Guancheng Wan , Xiaomin Li , Bing Hu , Peng Xia , Jure Leskovec , Yejin Choi

Group Relative Policy Optimization(GRPO) has become a cornerstone of modern reinforcement learning alignment, prized for its efficacy in foregoing an explicit value-critic by leveraging reward normalization across sampled trajectory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Redacted by arXiv

A major challenge in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is the issue of distribution shift. LLM alignment algorithms rely on static preference datasets, assuming that they accurately represent real-world user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zaiyan Xu , Sushil Vemuri , Kishan Panaganti , Dileep Kalathil , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran

Text detoxification, a variant of style transfer tasks, finds useful applications in online social media. This work presents a fine-tuning method that only uses non-parallel data to turn large language models (LLM) into a detoxification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Xinhong Xie , Tao Li , Quanyan Zhu