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Large Language Models (LLMs) can be seen as compressed knowledge bases, but it remains unclear what knowledge they truly contain and how far their knowledge boundary extends. Existing benchmarks are mostly static and provide limited support…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuheng Yang , Siqi Zhu , Tao Feng , Ge Liu , Jiaxuan You

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving, yet their reliance on implicit parametric knowledge limits generalization in long-tail scenarios. While Retrieval-Augmented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Rui Zhao , Haofeng Hu , Zhenhai Gao , Jiaqiao Liu , Gao Fei

Current general-purpose large language models (LLMs) commonly exhibit knowledge hallucination and insufficient domain-specific adaptability in domain-specific tasks, limiting their effectiveness in specialized question answering scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mengzheng Yang , Yanfei Ren , David Osei Opoku , Ruochang Li , Peng Ren , Chunxiao Xing

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates external knowledge with Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance factual correctness and mitigate hallucination. However, dense retrievers often become the bottleneck of RAG systems due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yuan Li , Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Bufan Li , Qinyuan Cheng , Bo Wang , Yining Zheng , Yuxin Wang , Zhangyue Yin , Xipeng Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably exhibit hallucinations since the accuracy of generated texts cannot be secured solely by the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a practicable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shi-Qi Yan , Jia-Chen Gu , Yun Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in processing and generating content across multiple data modalities. However, a significant drawback of MLLMs is their reliance on static training data,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Zhanpeng Chen , Chengjin Xu , Yiyan Qi , Jian Guo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) through external knowledge integration, yet its application has primarily focused on textual content, leaving the rich domain…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xubin Ren , Lingrui Xu , Long Xia , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Chao Huang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at visual reasoning but still struggle with integrating external knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising solution, but current methods remain inefficient and often fail to maintain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Gen Li , Peiyu Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in medical question answering; however, purely parametric models often suffer from knowledge gaps and limited factual grounding. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Nusrat Sultana , Abdullah Muhammad Moosa , Kazi Afzalur Rahman , Sajal Chandra Banik

Large Language Models (LLMs) are smart but forgetful. Recent studies, (e.g., (Bubeck et al., 2023)) on modern LLMs have shown that they are capable of performing amazing tasks typically necessitating human-level intelligence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Eric Melz

Vision-language Models (VLMs), despite achieving strong performance on multimodal benchmarks, often misinterpret straightforward visual concepts that humans identify effortlessly, such as counting, spatial reasoning, and viewpoint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kanishk Jain , Qian Yang , Shravan Nayak , Parisa Kordjamshidi , Nishanth Anand , Aishwarya Agrawal

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various domains, including healthcare and biomedicine. However, the phenomenon of hallucination, where LLMs generate outputs that deviate from factual accuracy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Duy Khoa Pham , Bao Quoc Vo

Recent advancements in dialogue systems have highlighted the significance of integrating multimodal responses, which enable conveying ideas through diverse modalities rather than solely relying on text-based interactions. This enrichment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Chang-Sheng Kao , Yun-Nung Chen

In this work, we study how vision-language models (VLMs) can be utilized to enhance the safety for the autonomous driving system, including perception, situational understanding, and path planning. However, existing research has largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Hao Ye , Mengshi Qi , Zhaohong Liu , Liang Liu , Huadong Ma

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

Large language models (LLM) hold significant potential for applications in biomedicine, but they struggle with hallucinations and outdated knowledge. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is generally employed to address these issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jiwoong Sohn , Yein Park , Chanwoong Yoon , Sihyeon Park , Hyeon Hwang , Mujeen Sung , Hyunjae Kim , Jaewoo Kang

Knowledge gaps and hallucinations are persistent challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs), which generate unreliable responses when lacking the necessary information to fulfill user instructions. Existing approaches, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Riccardo Pozzi , Matteo Palmonari , Andrea Coletta , Luigi Bellomarini , Jens Lehmann , Sahar Vahdati

Considering the inherent limitations of parametric knowledge in large language models (LLMs), retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is widely employed to expand their knowledge scope. Since RAG has shown promise in knowledge-intensive tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Yucheng Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Combining Large Language Models (LLMs) with Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables agents to interpret language instructions more effectively for task execution. However, LLMs typically lack direct perception of the physical environment, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Pengsen Liu , Maosen Zeng , Nan Tang , Kaiyuan Li , Jing-Cheng Pang , Yunan Liu , Yang Yu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) augments large language models (LLM) by retrieving relevant knowledge, showing promising potential in mitigating LLM hallucinations and enhancing response quality, thereby facilitating the great adoption…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang