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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised the capability of AI models in comprehending and generating natural language text. They are increasingly being used to empower and deploy agents in real-world scenarios, which make decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Sagar Uprety , Amit Kumar Jaiswal , Haiming Liu , Dawei Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherit explicit and implicit biases from their training datasets. Identifying and mitigating biases in LLMs is crucial to ensure fair outputs, as they can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and misinformation. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Fatima Kazi , Alex Young , Yash Inani , Setareh Rafatirad

Subjective well-being is a key metric in economic, medical, and policy decision-making. As artificial intelligence provides scalable tools for modelling human outcomes, it is crucial to evaluate whether large language models (LLMs) can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Pat Pataranutaporn , Nattavudh Powdthavee , Chayapatr Archiwaranguprok , Pattie Maes

In traditional decision making processes, social biases of human decision makers can lead to unequal economic outcomes for underrepresented social groups, such as women, racial or ethnic minorities. Recently, the increasing popularity of…

General Economics · Economics 2024-03-25 Jiafu An , Difang Huang , Chen Lin , Mingzhu Tai

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in educational settings. These applications expand beyond English, though current LLMs remain primarily English-centric. In this work, we ascertain if their use in education…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Vansh Gupta , Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Vilém Zouhar , Donya Rooein , Mrinmaya Sachan

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked intense debate regarding the prevalence of bias in these models and its mitigation. Yet, as exemplified by both results on debiasing methods in the literature and reports of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 David F. Jenny , Yann Billeter , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to both research and daily operations, rigorous evaluation is crucial. This assessment is important not only for individual tasks but also for understanding their societal impact and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

The pursuit of human-level artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced the development of autonomous agents and Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs are now widely utilized as decision-making agents for their ability to interpret…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning tasks, leading to their widespread deployment. However, recent studies have highlighted concerning biases in these models, particularly in their handling of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Runtao Zhou , Guangya Wan , Saadia Gabriel , Sheng Li , Alexander J Gates , Maarten Sap , Thomas Hartvigsen

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integral to the hospitality and tourism industry, concerns about their fairness in serving diverse identity groups persist. Grounded in social identity theory and sociotechnical systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ruiping Ren , Yingwei , Xu , Xing Yao , Shu Cole , Haining Wang

Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process underlying inference, problem-solving, and decision-making. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities in closed-world settings, they struggle in open-ended and…

Language is a ubiquitous tool that is foundational to reasoning and collaboration, ranging from everyday interactions to sophisticated problem-solving tasks. The establishment of a common language can serve as a powerful asset in ensuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Dom Huh , Prasant Mohapatra

Large language models (LLMs) can exhibit biases in reasoning capabilities due to linguistic modality, performing better on tasks in one language versus another, even with similar content. Most previous works evaluate this through reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 César Guerra-Solano , Zhuochun Li , Xiang Lorraine Li

We explore the internal mechanisms of how bias emerges in large language models (LLMs) when provided with ambiguous comparative prompts: inputs that compare or enforce choosing between two or more entities without providing clear context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Rishabh Adiga , Besmira Nushi , Varun Chandrasekaran

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into educational settings, understanding their potential biases is critical. This study examines sociodemographic biases in LLM-based educational counselling. We evaluate responses…

Autonomous agents have long been a prominent research focus in both academic and industry communities. Previous research in this field often focuses on training agents with limited knowledge within isolated environments, which diverges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Lei Wang , Chen Ma , Xueyang Feng , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Yang , Jingsen Zhang , Zhiyuan Chen , Jiakai Tang , Xu Chen , Yankai Lin , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhewei Wei , Ji-Rong Wen

Probing techniques for large language models (LLMs) have primarily focused on English, overlooking the vast majority of the world's languages. In this paper, we extend these probing methods to a multilingual context, investigating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Daoyang Li , Haiyan Zhao , Qingcheng Zeng , Mengnan Du

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in clinical settings, raising concerns about racial bias in both generated medical text and clinical reasoning. Existing studies have identified bias in medical LLMs, but many focus on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sihao Xing , Zaur Gouliev