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With increasing ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern societies, individual countries and the international community are working hard to create an innovation-friendly, yet safe, regulatory environment. Adequate regulation is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Olivia J. Erdélyi , Judy Goldsmith

AI is increasingly being used in the public sector, including public security. In this context, the use of AI-powered remote biometric identification (RBI) systems is a much-discussed technology. RBI systems are used to identify criminal…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Kimon Kieslich , Marco Lünich

This exhaustive investigation is dedicated to delving into the intricate legal aspects that underlie the inefficiency in the advancement and utilization of sustainable energies, with a primary focus on the dynamic landscape of China and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Aliasghar Baziar , Navid Parsa

Demographic fairness in face recognition (FR) has emerged as a critical area of research, given its impact on fairness, equity, and reliability across diverse applications. As FR technologies are increasingly deployed globally, disparities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Ketan Kotwal , Sebastien Marcel

Technological advancements allow biometric applications to be more omnipresent than in any other time before. This paper argues that in the current EU data protection regulation, classification applications using biometric data receive less…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Tamas Bisztray , Nils Gruschka , Thirimachos Bourlai , Lothar Fritsch

This year, jurisdictions worldwide, including the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and China, are set to enact or revise laws governing frontier AI. Their efforts largely rely on the assumption that increasing model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Nicholas A. Caputo

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the regulation thereof is a topic that is increasingly being discussed within various fora. Various proposals have been made in literature for defining regulatory bodies and/or related regulation. In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Joshua Ellul , Stephen McCarthy , Trevor Sammut , Juanita Brockdorff , Matthew Scerri , Gordon J. Pace

Previous research has explored the privacy needs and concerns of device owners, primary users, and different bystander groups with regard to smart home devices like security cameras, smart speakers, and hubs, but little is known about the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Shijing He , Yaxiong Lei , Xiao Zhan , Chi Zhang , Juan Ye , Ruba Abu-Salma , Jose Such

Advanced AI models hold the promise of tremendous benefits for humanity, but society needs to proactively manage the accompanying risks. In this paper, we focus on what we term "frontier AI" models: highly capable foundation models that…

In recent years, major privacy laws like the GDPR have brought about positive changes. However, challenges remain in enforcing the laws, particularly due to under-resourced regulators facing a large number of potential privacy-violating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Tao Jing , Yao Li , Jingzhou Ye , Jie Wang , Xueqiang Wang

Recent and unremitting capability advances have been accompanied by calls for comprehensive, rather than patchwork, regulation of frontier artificial intelligence (AI). Approval regulation is emerging as a promising candidate. An approval…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Cole Salvador

The intellectual property protection system constructed by China's Foreign Investment Law has opened a new phase of rule of law protection of intellectual property rights for foreign-invested enterprises, which is an important institutional…

General Economics · Economics 2021-06-08 Luo Ying

Biometric recognition is a highly adopted technology to support different kinds of applications, ranging from security and access control applications to low enforcement applications. However, such systems raise serious privacy and data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Mohamed Abomhara , Sule Yildirim Yayilgan

China is the world's largest automotive market and is ambitious for autonomous vehicles (AVs) development. As one of the key goals of AVs, pedestrian safety is an important issue in China. Despite the rapid development of driverless…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Ke Wang , Gang Li , Junlan Chen , Yan Long , Tao Chen , Long Chen , Qin Xia

In this paper, we analyze some of our real-world deployment of face recognition (FR) systems for various applications and discuss the gaps between expectations of the user and what the system can deliver. We evaluate some of our proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-10 Bappaditya Mandal

Over the past years, deep learning capabilities and the availability of large-scale training datasets advanced rapidly, leading to breakthroughs in face recognition accuracy. However, these technologies are foreseen to face a major…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Fadi Boutros , Vitomir Struc , Julian Fierrez , Naser Damer

As the deployment of automated face recognition (FR) systems proliferates, bias in these systems is not just an academic question, but a matter of public concern. Media portrayals often center imbalance as the main source of bias, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Valeriia Cherepanova , Steven Reich , Samuel Dooley , Hossein Souri , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein

Privacy protection raises great attention on both legal levels and user awareness. To protect user privacy, countries enact laws and regulations requiring software privacy policies to regulate their behavior. However, privacy policies are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Kaifa Zhao , Le Yu , Shiyao Zhou , Jing Li , Xiapu Luo , Yat Fei Aemon Chiu , Yutong Liu

While the global integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into veterinary medicine is accelerating, its adoption dynamics in major markets such as China remain uncharacterized. This paper presents the first exploratory analysis of AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Shumin Li , Xiaoyun Lai

We examined the world's first regulation on Generative AI, China's Provisional Administrative Measures of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services, which came into effect in August 2023. Our assessment reveals that the Measures, while…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yulu Pi