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An assumption often made in supervised learning is that the training and testing sets have the same label distribution. However, in real-life scenarios, this assumption rarely holds. For example, medical diagnosis result distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yunrui Zhang , Gustavo Batista , Salil S. Kanhere

Domain Adaptation (DA) enables transferring a learning machine from a labeled source domain to an unlabeled target one. While remarkable advances have been made, most of the existing DA methods focus on improving the target accuracy at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Ximei Wang , Mingsheng Long , Jianmin Wang , Michael I. Jordan

Standard conformal prediction methods provide a marginal coverage guarantee, which means that for a random test point, the conformal prediction set contains the true label with a user-specified probability. In many classification problems,…

Most current domain adaptation methods address either covariate shift or label shift, but are not applicable where they occur simultaneously and are confounded with each other. Domain adaptation approaches which do account for such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-12 Calvin McCarter

The main challenge that sets transfer learning apart from traditional supervised learning is the distribution shift, reflected as the shift between the source and target models and that between the marginal covariate distributions. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-02 Zelin He , Ying Sun , Jingyuan Liu , Runze Li

A default assumption in many machine learning scenarios is that the training and test samples are drawn from the same probability distribution. However, such an assumption is often violated in the real world due to non-stationarity of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Tianyi Zhang , Ikko Yamane , Nan Lu , Masashi Sugiyama

Conformal predictions make it possible to define reliable and robust learning algorithms. But they are essentially a method for evaluating whether an algorithm is good enough to be used in practice. To define a reliable learning framework…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-18 Alberto Carlevaro , Teodoro Alamo Cantarero , Fabrizio Dabbene , Maurizio Mongelli

Covariate shift is a common transfer learning scenario where the marginal distributions of input variables vary between source and target data while the conditional distribution of the output variable remains consistent. The existing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Petr Zamolodtchikov , Hanyuan Hang

A key assumption in supervised learning is that training and test data follow the same probability distribution. However, this fundamental assumption is not always satisfied in practice, e.g., due to changing environments, sample selection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Nan Lu , Tianyi Zhang , Tongtong Fang , Takeshi Teshima , Masashi Sugiyama

Real-world learning tasks often encounter uncertainty due to covariate shift and noisy or inconsistent labels. However, existing robust learning methods merge these effects into a single distributional uncertainty set. In this work, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Varun Venkatesh , Eyke Hüllermeier , Bernd Bischl , Mina Rezaei

Learning with label proportions (LLP), which is a learning task that only provides unlabeled data in bags and each bag's label proportion, has widespread successful applications in practice. However, most of the existing LLP methods don't…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Yanshan Xiao , HuaiPei Wang , Bo Liu

As a fundamental problem in machine learning, dataset shift induces a paradigm to learn and transfer knowledge under changing environment. Previous methods assume the changes are induced by covariate, which is less practical for complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 You-Wei Luo , Chuan-Xian Ren

Predictive models are often required to produce reliable predictions under statistical conditions that are not matched to the training data. A common type of training-testing mismatch is covariate shift, where the conditional distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Matteo Zecchin , Fredrik Hellström , Sangwoo Park , Shlomo Shamai , Osvaldo Simeone

The generalization power of deep-learning models is dependent on rich-labelled data. This supervision using large-scaled annotated information is restrictive in most real-world scenarios where data collection and their annotation involve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Sandipan Choudhuri , Riti Paul , Arunabha Sen , Baoxin Li , Hemanth Venkateswara

Class distribution plays an important role in learning deep classifiers. When the proportion of each class in the test set differs from the training set, the performance of classification nets usually degrades. Such a label distribution…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Wenao Ma , Cheng Chen , Shuang Zheng , Jing Qin , Huimao Zhang , Qi Dou

Conformal inference is a fundamental and versatile tool that provides distribution-free guarantees for many machine learning tasks. We consider the transductive setting, where decisions are made on a test sample of $m$ new points, giving…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-20 Ulysse Gazin , Gilles Blanchard , Etienne Roquain

One of the central problems in machine learning is domain adaptation. Unlike past theoretical work, we consider a new model for subpopulation shift in the input or representation space. In this work, we propose a provably effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Tianle Cai , Ruiqi Gao , Jason D. Lee , Qi Lei

Existing calibration algorithms address the problem of covariate shift via unsupervised domain adaptation. However, these methods suffer from the following limitations: 1) they require unlabeled data from the target domain, which may not be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yunye Gong , Xiao Lin , Yi Yao , Thomas G. Dietterich , Ajay Divakaran , Melinda Gervasio

Supervised transfer learning has received considerable attention due to its potential to boost the predictive power of machine learning in scenarios where data are scarce. Generally, a given set of source models and a dataset from a target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-23 Shunya Minami , Kenji Fukumizu , Yoshihiro Hayashi , Ryo Yoshida

In recent years, supervised machine learning models have demonstrated tremendous success in a variety of application domains. Despite the promising results, these successful models are data hungry and their performance relies heavily on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Azin Asgarian , Parinaz Sobhani , Ji Chao Zhang , Madalin Mihailescu , Ariel Sibilia , Ahmed Bilal Ashraf , Babak Taati