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Large language models (LLMs) are popular around the world due to their powerful understanding capabilities. As the core component of LLMs, accelerating Transformer through parallelization has gradually become a hot research topic. Mask…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhao Dai , Haodong Deng , Mengfei Rong , Xinyu Yang , Hongyu Liu , Fangxin Liu , Hailong Yang , Qianwen Cao , Qingxiao Sun

The rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) inference systems has yielded significant efficiency improvements. However, our systematic analysis reveals that current evaluation methodologies frequently exhibit fundamental flaws, often…

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding performance in various tasks in machine learning and have thus become one of the most important workloads in today's computing landscape. However, deploying LLM inference poses challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jungi Lee , Wonbeom Lee , Jaewoong Sim

We present TransNormerLLM, the first linear attention-based Large Language Model (LLM) that outperforms conventional softmax attention-based models in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. TransNormerLLM evolves from the previous linear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Zhen Qin , Dong Li , Weigao Sun , Weixuan Sun , Xuyang Shen , Xiaodong Han , Yunshen Wei , Baohong Lv , Xiao Luo , Yu Qiao , Yiran Zhong

Large Language Models (LLMs) built on transformer architectures have transformed natural language processing, achieving remarkable performance across diverse applications. While distributed inference frameworks enable practical deployment…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Lang Xu , Kaushik Kandadi Suresh , Quentin Anthony , Nawras Alnaasan , Dhabaleswar K. Panda

Large deep learning models have demonstrated strong ability to solve many tasks across a wide range of applications. Those large models typically require training and inference to be distributed. Tensor parallelism is a common technique…

Large language model (LLM) inference has been a prevalent demand in daily life and industries. The large tensor sizes and computing complexities in LLMs have brought challenges to memory, computing, and databus. This paper proposes a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yimin Wang , Yue Jiet Chong , Xuanyao Fong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly but face significant memory demands. While quantization has shown promise for LLMs, current methods typically require lengthy training to alleviate the performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ke Yi , Yuhui Xu , Heng Chang , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Tong Zhang , Jia Li

Transformers have shown remarkable performance in both natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV) tasks. However, their real-time inference speed and efficiency are limited due to the inefficiency in Softmax and Layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Wenxun Wang , Shuchang Zhou , Wenyu Sun , Peiqin Sun , Yongpan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on autoregressive, decoder-only Transformers generate text one token at a time, where a token represents a discrete unit of text. As each newly produced token is appended to the partial output sequence,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Dimitrios Kafetzis , Ramin Khalili , Iordanis Koutsopoulos

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ruihan Lin , Zezhen Ding , Zean Han , Jiheng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous in practice and are widely used for generation tasks such as translation, summarization and instruction following. However, their enormous size and reliance on autoregressive decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Benjamin Bergner , Andrii Skliar , Amelie Royer , Tijmen Blankevoort , Yuki Asano , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, but their deployment is often constrained by substantial memory footprints and computational costs. While prior work has achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jiangyong Yu , Xiaomeng Han , Xing Hu , Chen Xu , Zhe Jiang , Dawei Yang

Aligning future system design with the ever-increasing compute needs of large language models (LLMs) is undoubtedly an important problem in today's world. Here, we propose a general performance modeling methodology and workload analysis of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joyjit Kundu , Wenzhe Guo , Ali BanaGozar , Udari De Alwis , Sourav Sengupta , Puneet Gupta , Arindam Mallik

In recent times, the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly larger model size, posing challenges for inference on low-resource devices. Prior approaches have explored offloading to facilitate low-memory…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xuanlei Zhao , Bin Jia , Haotian Zhou , Ziming Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Yang You

The recently proposed Conformer architecture which combines convolution with attention to capture both local and global dependencies has become the \textit{de facto} backbone model for Automatic Speech Recognition~(ASR). Inherited from the…

Large language models (LLMs) have become proficient at solving a wide variety of tasks, including those involving multi-modal inputs. In particular, instantiating an LLM (such as LLaMA) with a speech encoder and training it on paired data…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Desh Raj , Gil Keren , Junteng Jia , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli

Non-linear operations such as GELU, Layer normalization, and Softmax are essential yet costly building blocks of Transformer models. Several prior works simplified these operations with look-up tables or integer computations, but such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Joonsang Yu , Junki Park , Seongmin Park , Minsoo Kim , Sihwa Lee , Dong Hyun Lee , Jungwook Choi

Long-context inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) is heavily limited by high computational demands. While several existing methods optimize attention computation, they still process the full set of hidden states at each layer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lingkun Long , Rubing Yang , Yushi Huang , Desheng Hui , Ao Zhou , Jianlei Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful but often too slow and costly for real-world use during inference. Looped transformers save on parameters by reusing the same weights for multiple computational steps, or "loops." However, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Bohong Wu , Mengzhao Chen , Xiang Luo , Shen Yan , Qifan Yu , Fan Xia , Tianqi Zhang , Hongrui Zhan , Zheng Zhong , Xun Zhou , Siyuan Qiao , Xingyan Bin