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Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is the mathematical formalism for phrasing and solving a class of optimization problems that are combinatorial in nature. Due to their natural equivalence with the two dimensional Ising…

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a commonly used meta-heuristic to solve complex combinatorial optimization problems like traveling salesman problem (TSP), vehicle routing problem (VRP), etc. However, classical ACO algorithms provide better…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Mrityunjay Ghosh , Nivedita Dey , Debdeep Mitra , Amlan Chakrabarti

A promising paradigm of quantum computing for achieving practical quantum advantages is quantum annealing or quantum approximate optimization algorithm, where the classical problems are encoded in Ising interactions. However, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Yao Lu , Wentao Chen , Shuaining Zhang , Kuan Zhang , Jialiang Zhang , Jing-Ning Zhang , Kihwan Kim

Quantum annealing is a heuristic optimization algorithm that exploits quantum evolution to approximately find lowest energy states. Quantum annealers have scaled up in recent years to tackle increasingly larger and more highly connected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Humberto Munoz Bauza , Daniel A. Lidar

Fault tolerant quantum computers will require efficient co-processors for real-time decoding of their adopted quantum error correction protocols. In this work we examine the possibility of using specialised Ising model hardware to perform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-26 Joschka Roffe , Stefan Zohren , Dominic Horsman , Nicholas Chancellor

The transport of conserved quantities like spin and charge is fundamental to characterizing the behavior of quantum many-body systems. Numerically simulating such dynamics is generically challenging, which motivates the consideration of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 I-Chi Chen , Klée Pollock , Yong-Xin Yao , Peter P. Orth , Thomas Iadecola

This paper proposes an algorithmic method to heuristically solve the famous Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) when the salesman's path evolves in continuous state space and discrete time but with otherwise arbitrary (nonlinear) dynamics.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Alexander Weber , Alexander Knoll

Quantum annealing approximately solves combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging the principles of adiabatic quantum systems. In this approach, the system's Hamiltonian evolves from an initial general state to a problem-specific…

Optimizing Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) is a high-dimensional combinatorial challenge. Current quantum algorithms often simplify this problem by ignoring physical constraints like mutual coupling, which significantly degrades…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Marco Pasquale , Erik M. Åsgrim , Stefano Markidis , Oscar Quevedo-Teruel

Research into the development of special-purpose computing architectures designed to solve quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems has flourished in recent years. It has been demonstrated in the literature that such…

Quantum annealing is a novel type of analog computation that aims to use quantum mechanical fluctuations to search for optimal solutions of Ising problems. Quantum annealing in the transverse field Ising model, implemented on D-Wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Elijah Pelofske

We explore the application of variational quantum algorithms to the NP-hard set balancing problem, a critical challenge in clinical trial design and experimental scheduling. The problem is mapped to an Ising model, with tailored Quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Nikhil Kowshik , Sayan Manna , Sudebkumar Prasant Pal

Quantum annealing is a powerful tool for solving and approximating combinatorial optimization problems such as graph partitioning, community detection, centrality, routing problems, and more. In this paper we explore the use of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Joel E. Pion , Susan M. Mniszewski

In this work we compare several new computational approaches to an inventory routing problem, in which a single product is shipped from a warehouse to retailers via an uncapacitated vehicle. We survey exact algorithms for the Traveling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-30 Yasemin Malli , Marco Laumanns , Roberto Rossi , Steven Prestwich , S. Armagan Tarim

The travelling salesman problem is a well-known example of computationally-hard combinatorial problem for classical machines. Here, we propose a novel variational quantum algorithm to solve it. The method is based on the preparation of two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Alessio Baldazzi , Stefano Azzini , Lorenzo Pavesi

Combinatorial optimization problems are typically formulated using Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO), where constraints are enforced through penalty terms that introduce auxiliary variables and rapidly increase Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Shashank Sanjay Bhat , Peiyong Wang , Joseph West , Udaya Parampalli

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most prominent combinatorial optimization problems. Given a complete graph G = (V, E) and non-negative distances d for every edge, the TSP asks for a shortest tour through all vertices with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Ulrich Pferschy , Rostislav Stanek

We present a scalable, high-performance algorithm that deterministically solves large-scale instances of the Traveling Salesman problem (in its asymmetric version, ATSP) to optimality using commercially available computing hardware. By…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Wissam Nakhle

Critical decision-making issues in science, engineering, and industry are based on combinatorial optimization; however, its application is inherently limited by the NP-hard nature of the problem. A specialized paradigm of analogue quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Rudraksh Sharma , Ravi Katukam , Arjun Nagulapally

We investigate the minimum edge multiway cut problem, a fundamental task in evaluating the resilience of telecommunication networks. This study benchmarks the problem across three quantum computing paradigms: quantum annealing on a D-Wave…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Ali Abbassi , Yann Dujardin , Eric Gourdin , Philippe Lacomme , Caroline Prodhon