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Language-aligned vision foundation models perform strongly across diverse downstream tasks. Yet, their learned representations remain opaque, making interpreting their decision-making difficult. Recent work decompose these representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Kai Wittenmayer , Sukrut Rao , Amin Parchami-Araghi , Bernt Schiele , Jonas Fischer

Visual impairment represents a major global health challenge, with multimodal imaging providing complementary information that is essential for accurate ophthalmic diagnosis. This comprehensive survey systematically reviews the latest…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Xiaoling Luo , Ruli Zheng , Qiaojian Zheng , Zibo Du , Shuo Yang , Meidan Ding , Qihao Xu , Chengliang Liu , Linlin Shen

Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER) focuses on identifying and interpreting emotions from modality-compound inputs. Closely mirroring human cognitive processes in real-world environments, MER has drawn substantial attention from both…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Hongrui Zhang , Daiqing Wu , Yangyang Li , Kuien Liu , Yuhui Wang , Yu Zhou , Sicheng Zhao

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence have led to the development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, adapting these pre-trained models to dynamic data distributions and various tasks efficiently remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yukang Huo , Hao Tang

Large Language Models(LLMs)have become effective tools for natural language processing and have been used in many different fields. This essay offers a succinct summary of various LLM subcategories. The survey emphasizes recent developments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Saurabh Pahune , Manoj Chandrasekharan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) perform strongly on natural images, yet their ability to understand discrete visual symbols remains unclear. We present a multi-domain benchmark spanning language, culture, mathematics, physics and…

Recent advancements in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have attracted interest in their generalization capability with only a few samples in the prompt. This progress is particularly relevant to the medical domain, where the quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Seonhee Cho , Choonghan Kim , Jiho Lee , Chetan Chilkunda , Sujin Choi , Joo Heung Yoon

Multimodal foundation models aim to create a unified representation space that abstracts away from surface features like language syntax or modality differences. To investigate this, we study the internal representations of three recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Hyunji Lee , Danni Liu , Supriti Sinhamahapatra , Jan Niehues

Rapid advancements in imaging techniques and analytical methods over the past decade have revolutionized our ability to comprehensively probe the biological world at multiple scales, pinpointing the type, quantity, location, and even…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Shanghang Zhang , Gaole Dai , Tiejun Huang , Jianxu Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for program verification, and yet little is known about \emph{how} they reason about program semantics during this process. In this work, we focus on abstract interpretation based-reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jacqueline L. Mitchell , Brian Hyeongseok Kim , Chenyu Zhou , Chao Wang

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in linguistically diverse regions like India, yet most interpretability tools remain tailored to English. Prior work reveals that LLMs often operate in English centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mihir Panchal , Deeksha Varshney , Mamta , Asif Ekbal

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has s fueled a shift in robot learning from automation towards general embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI). Adopting foundation models together with traditional learning methods to robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Xuan Xiao , Jiahang Liu , Zhipeng Wang , Yanmin Zhou , Yong Qi , Qian Cheng , Bin He , Shuo Jiang

Language confusion -- where large language models (LLMs) generate unintended languages against the user's need -- remains a critical challenge, especially for English-centric models. We present the first mechanistic interpretability (MI)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ercong Nie , Helmut Schmid , Hinrich Schütze

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performances across a wide range of tasks. However, the mechanisms by which these models encode tasks of varying complexities remain poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Mingyu Jin , Qinkai Yu , Jingyuan Huang , Qingcheng Zeng , Zhenting Wang , Wenyue Hua , Haiyan Zhao , Kai Mei , Yanda Meng , Kaize Ding , Fan Yang , Mengnan Du , Yongfeng Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in representing and understanding diverse modalities. However, they typically focus on modality alignment in a pairwise manner while overlooking structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jiajin Liu , Dongzhe Fan , Jiacheng Shen , Chuanhao Ji , Daochen Zha , Qiaoyu Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances in natural language processing, but their underlying mechanisms are often misunderstood. Despite exhibiting coherent answers and apparent reasoning behaviors, LLMs rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Bo Zhou , Daniel Geißler , Paul Lukowicz

Multimodal Vision Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a transformative topic at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, enabling machines to perceive and reason about the world through both visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zongxia Li , Xiyang Wu , Hongyang Du , Fuxiao Liu , Huy Nghiem , Guangyao Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently gained significant attention due to their remarkable capabilities in performing diverse tasks across various domains. However, a thorough evaluation of these models is crucial before deploying them…

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has significantly enhanced performance across benchmarks. However, data contamination-unintentional memorization of benchmark data during model training-poses critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Dingjie Song , Sicheng Lai , Mingxuan Wang , Shunian Chen , Lichao Sun , Benyou Wang

This article proposes a new integration of linguistic anthropology and machine learning (ML) around convergent interests in both the underpinnings of language and making language technologies more socially responsible. While linguistic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Graham M. Jones , Shai Satran , Arvind Satyanarayan