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Market by order (MBO) data - a detailed feed of individual trade instructions for a given stock on an exchange - is arguably one of the most granular sources of microstructure information. While limit order books (LOBs) are implicitly…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-28 Zihao Zhang , Bryan Lim , Stefan Zohren

We study optimal liquidation strategies under partial information for a single asset within a finite time horizon. We propose a model tailored for high-frequency trading, capturing price formation driven solely by order flow through…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-08 Etienne Chevalier , Yadh Hafsi , Vathana Ly Vath

Limit order books (LOBs) match buyers and sellers in more than half of the world's financial markets. This survey highlights the insights that have emerged from the wealth of empirical and theoretical studies of LOBs. We examine the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-03-17 Martin D. Gould , Mason A. Porter , Stacy Williams , Mark McDonald , Daniel J. Fenn , Sam D. Howison

This paper presents a novel model for simulating and analyzing sparse limit order books (LOBs), with a specific application to the European intraday electricity market. In illiquid markets, characterized by significant gaps between order…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-10-10 Philippe Bergault , Enzo Cognéville

The stochastic control problem of optimal market making is among the central problems in quantitative finance. In this paper, a deep reinforcement learning-based controller is trained on a weakly consistent, multivariate Hawkes…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-07-21 Bruno Gašperov , Zvonko Kostanjčar

Optimal order execution is widely studied by industry practitioners and academic researchers because it determines the profitability of investment decisions and high-level trading strategies, particularly those involving large volumes of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2020-09-15 Michaël Karpe , Jin Fang , Zhongyao Ma , Chen Wang

We introduce a Markovian single point process model, with random intensity regulated through a buffer mechanism and a self-exciting effect controlling the arrival stream to the buffer. The model applies the principle of the Hawkes process…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-12 Ingemar Kaj , Mine Caglar

Multi-agent learning is a promising method to simulate aggregate competitive behaviour in finance. Learning expert agents' reward functions through their external demonstrations is hence particularly relevant for subsequent design of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Jacobo Roa-Vicens , Cyrine Chtourou , Angelos Filos , Francisco Rullan , Yarin Gal , Ricardo Silva

Simulating limit order books (LOBs) has important applications across forecasting and backtesting for financial market data. However, deep generative models struggle in this context due to the high noise and complexity of the data. Previous…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-08 Alfred Backhouse , Kang Li , Jakob Foerster , Anisoara Calinescu , Stefan Zohren

Developing a generative model of realistic order flow in financial markets is a challenging open problem, with numerous applications for market participants. Addressing this, we propose the first end-to-end autoregressive generative model…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-06 Peer Nagy , Sascha Frey , Silvia Sapora , Kang Li , Anisoara Calinescu , Stefan Zohren , Jakob Foerster

We propose a unified mean-field framework that bridges the dynamics of informal financial markets and formal markets governed by Limit Order Books (LOBs). Both settings are modeled as interacting particle systems on a 1D price lattice, with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-05 Alvaro Navarro-Rubio , Alejandro Lage-Castellanos

High-frequency market making is a liquidity-providing trading strategy that simultaneously generates many bids and asks for a security at ultra-low latency while maintaining a relatively neutral position. The strategy makes a profit from…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Pankaj Kumar

We introduce a model for limit order book of a certain security with two main features: First, both the limit orders and market orders for the given asset are allowed to appear and interact with each other. Second, the high frequency…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2024-12-24 Yun Chen-Shue , Yukun Li , Jiongmin Yong

Through the analysis of a dataset of ultra high frequency order book updates, we introduce a model which accommodates the empirical properties of the full order book together with the stylized facts of lower frequency financial data. To do…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2014-09-05 Weibing Huang , Charles-Albert Lehalle , Mathieu Rosenbaum

We introduce a novel large-scale deep learning model for Limit Order Book mid-price changes forecasting, and we name it `HLOB'. This architecture (i) exploits the information encoded by an Information Filtering Network, namely the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-05 Antonio Briola , Silvia Bartolucci , Tomaso Aste

We exploit cutting-edge deep learning methodologies to explore the predictability of high-frequency Limit Order Book mid-price changes for a heterogeneous set of stocks traded on the NASDAQ exchange. In so doing, we release `LOBFrame', an…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-05 Antonio Briola , Silvia Bartolucci , Tomaso Aste

This paper focuses on some simple models of limit order book dynamics which simulate market trading mechanisms. We start with a discrete time/space Markov process and then perform a re-scaling procedure leading to a deterministic dynamical…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-02-08 N Vvedenskaya , Y Suhov , V Belitsky

We investigate the behavior of limit order books on the meso-scale motivated by order execution scheduling algorithms. To do so we carry out empirical analysis of the order flows from market and limit order submissions, aggregated from…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-10 Kyle Bechler , Michael Ludkovski

In order-driven markets, limit-order book (LOB) resiliency is an important microscopic indicator of market quality when the order book is hit by a liquidity shock and plays an essential role in the design of optimal submission strategies of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2018-02-27 Hai-Chuan Xu , Wei Chen , Xiong Xiong , Wei Zhang , Wei-Xing Zhou , H Eugene Stanley

We investigate the mechanisms by which medium-frequency trading agents are adversely selected by opportunistic high-frequency traders. We use reinforcement learning (RL) within a Hawkes Limit Order Book (LOB) model in order to replicate the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-03 Ali Raza Jafree , Konark Jain , Nick Firoozye