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As Mixed Criticality Systems (MCSs) evolve, they increasingly integrate heterogeneous computing platforms, combining general-purpose processors with specialized accelerators such as AI engines, GPUs, and high-speed networking interfaces.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Diogo Costa , Jose Martins , Sandro Pinto

Software-hardware co-design is essential for optimizing in-memory computing (IMC) hardware accelerators for neural networks. However, most existing optimization frameworks target a single workload, leading to highly specialized hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Olga Krestinskaya , Mohammed E. Fouda , Ahmed Eltawil , Khaled N. Salama

Edge AI deployment faces critical challenges balancing computational performance, energy efficiency, and resource constraints. This paper presents FPGA-accelerated RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) extensions for efficient neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Arya Parameshwara , Santosh Hanamappa Mokashi

Shared-memory system-on-chips (SM-SoC) are ubiquitously employed by a wide-range of mobile computing platforms, including edge/IoT devices, autonomous systems and smartphones. In SM-SoCs, system-wide shared physical memory enables a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Ismet Dagli , James Crea , Soner Seckiner , Yuanchao Xu , Selçuk Köse , Mehmet E. Belviranli

PCM is a popular backing memory for DRAM main memory in tiered memory systems. PCM has asymmetric access energy; writes dominate reads. MLC asymmetry can vary by an order of magnitude. Many schemes have been developed to take advantage of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Stephen Longofono , Seyed Mohammad Seyedzadeh , Alex K. Jones

Heterogeneous computers integrate general-purpose host processors with domain-specific accelerators to combine versatility with efficiency and high performance. To realize the full potential of heterogeneous computers, however, many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Andreas Kurth , Björn Forsberg , Luca Benini

On-chip communication infrastructure is a central component of modern systems-on-chip (SoCs), and it continues to gain importance as the number of cores, the heterogeneity of components, and the on-chip and off-chip bandwidth continue to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Andreas Kurth , Wolfgang Rönninger , Thomas Benz , Matheus Cavalcante , Fabian Schuiki , Florian Zaruba , Luca Benini

Despite the impressive search rate of one key per clock cycle, the update stage of a random-access-memory-based content-addressable-memory (RAM-based CAM) always suffers high latency. Two primary causes of such latency include: (1) the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Xuan-Thuan Nguyen , Trong-Thuc Hoang , Hong-Thu Nguyen , Katsumi Inoue , Cong-Kha Pham

A key challenge in scaling shared-L1 multi-core clusters towards many-core (more than 16 cores) configurations is to ensure low-latency and efficient access to the L1 memory. In this work we demonstrate that it is possible to scale up the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Matheus Cavalcante , Samuel Riedel , Antonio Pullini , Luca Benini

Discrete GPU accelerators, while providing massive computing power for supercomputers and data centers, have their separate memory domain. Explicit memory management across device and host domains in programming is tedious and error-prone.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Bennett Cooper , Thomas R. W. Scogland , Rong Ge

Open-source RISC-V cores are increasingly demanded in domains like automotive and space, where achieving high instructions per cycle (IPC) through superscalar and out-of-order (OoO) execution is crucial. However, high-performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zexin Fu , Riccardo Tedeschi , Gianmarco Ottavi , Nils Wistoff , César Fuguet , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini

Major chip manufacturers have all introduced multicore microprocessors. Multi-socket systems built from these processors are routinely used for running various server applications. Depending on the application that is run on the system,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Murthy Durbhakula

Many SOCs today contain both digital and analog embedded cores. Even though the test cost for such mixed-signal SOCs is significantly higher than that for digital SOCs, most prior research in this area has focused exclusively on digital…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Anuja Sehgal , Fang Liu , Sule Ozev , Krishnendu Chakrabarty

Dependable power measurements are the backbone of energy-efficient computing systems. The IBM PowerNV platform offers such power measurements through an embedded PowerPC 405 processor: The On-Chip Controller (OCC). Among other…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Hannes Tröpgen , Mario Bielert , Thomas Ilsche

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are currently driven by a significant upscaling of their complexity, with massive matrix-multiplication workloads representing the major computational bottleneck. In-memory computing (IMC) architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shady Agwa , Yihan Pan , Georgios Papandroulidakis , Themis Prodromakis

Developing accurate and reliable Compute-In-Memory (CIM) architectures is becoming a key research focus to accelerate Artificial Intelligence (AI) tasks on hardware, particularly Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). In that regard, there has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Omar Numan , Gaurav Singh , Kazybek Adam , Jelin Leslin , Aleksi Korsman , Otto Simola , Marko Kosunen , Jussi Ryynänen , Martin Andraud

Major chip manufacturers have all introduced multicore microprocessors. Multi-socket systems built from these processors are used for running various server applications. However to the best of our knowledge current commercial operating…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Suryanarayana Murthy Durbhakula

Hyperdimensional computing (HDC), utilizing a parallel computing paradigm and efficient learning algorithm, is well-suited for resource-constrained artificial intelligence (AI) applications, such as in edge devices. In-memory computing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yi Huang , Alireza Jaberi Rad , Qiangfei Xia

This paper presents a novel System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture for accelerating complex deep learning models for edge computing applications through a combination of hardware and software optimisations. The hardware architecture tightly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Vineet Kumar , Ajay Kumar M , Yike Li , Shreejith Shanker , Deepu John

We study the design of storage-efficient algorithms for emulating atomic shared memory over an asynchronous, distributed message-passing system. Our first algorithm is an atomic single-writer multi-reader algorithm based on a novel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Marwen Zorgui , Robert Mateescu , Filip Blagojevic , Cyril Guyot , Zhiying Wang