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Gene expression programming is an evolutionary optimization algorithm with the potential to generate interpretable and easily implementable equations for regression problems. Despite knowledge gained from previous optimizations being…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Maximilian Reissmann , Yuan Fang , Andrew S. H. Ooi , Richard D. Sandberg

Symbolic regression is emerging as a promising machine learning method for learning succinct underlying interpretable mathematical expressions directly from data. Whereas it has been traditionally tackled with genetic programming, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Nour Makke , Sanjay Chawla

Evolutionary symbolic regression (SR) fits a symbolic equation to data, which gives a concise interpretable model. We explore using SR as a method to propose which data to gather in an active learning setting with physical constraints. SR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jorge Medina , Andrew D. White

Symbolic regression is a powerful technique that can discover analytical equations that describe data, which can lead to explainable models and generalizability outside of the training data set. In contrast, neural networks have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Samuel Kim , Peter Y. Lu , Srijon Mukherjee , Michael Gilbert , Li Jing , Vladimir Čeperić , Marin Soljačić

Neural network optimization remains one of the most consequential yet poorly understood challenges in modern AI research, where improvements in training algorithms can lead to enhanced feature learning in foundation models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ansh Nagwekar

Symbolic Regression (SR) searches for mathematical expressions which best describe numerical datasets. This allows to circumvent interpretation issues inherent to artificial neural networks, but SR algorithms are often computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Florian Lalande , Yoshitomo Matsubara , Naoya Chiba , Tatsunori Taniai , Ryo Igarashi , Yoshitaka Ushiku

Compact symbolic expressions have been shown to be more efficient than neural network models in terms of resource consumption and inference speed when implemented on custom hardware such as FPGAs, while maintaining comparable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Ho Fung Tsoi , Vladimir Loncar , Sridhara Dasu , Philip Harris

Symbolic regression discovers explicit, interpretable equations without assuming a functional form in advance. A Bayesian approach strengthens this through probability distributions over candidate expressions, thus quantifying uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 James Butterworth , Gevik Grigorian , Alejandro DiazDelaO

Complex networks describe important structures in nature and society, composed of nodes and the edges that connect them. The evolution of these networks is typically described by dynamics, which are labor-intensive and require expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Haiquan Qiu , Shuzhi Liu , Quanming Yao

Collective behaviors are typically hard to model. The scale of the swarm, the large number of interactions, and the richness and complexity of the behaviors are factors that make it difficult to distill a collective behavior into simple…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Stephen Powers , Carlo Pinciroli

We propose and study a method for learning interpretable representations for the task of regression. Features are represented as networks of multi-type expression trees comprised of activation functions common in neural networks in addition…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-26 William La Cava , Tilak Raj Singh , James Taggart , Srinivas Suri , Jason H. Moore

A key objective in the field of artificial intelligence is to develop cognitive models that can exhibit human-like intellectual capabilities. One promising approach to achieving this is through neural-symbolic systems, which combine the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dongran Yu , Xueyan Liu , Shirui Pan , Anchen Li , Bo Yang

Automated scientific discovery aims to improve scientific understanding through machine learning. A central approach in this field is symbolic regression, which uses genetic programming or sparse regression to learn interpretable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sigur de Vries , Sander W. Keemink , Marcel A. J. van Gerven

Symbolic regression seeks to uncover physical laws from experimental data by searching for closed-form expressions, which is an important task in AI-driven scientific discovery. Yet the exponential growth of the search space of expression…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Nan Jiang , Ziyi Wang , Yexiang Xue

Mathematical formulas are the crystallization of human wisdom in exploring the laws of nature for thousands of years. Describing the complex laws of nature with a concise mathematical formula is a constant pursuit of scientists and a great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Yanjie Li , Jingyi Liu , Weijun Li , Lina Yu , Min Wu , Wenqiang Li , Meilan Hao , Su Wei , Yusong Deng

Symbolic regression (SR) is a data analysis problem where we search for the mathematical expression that best fits a numerical dataset. It is a global optimization problem. The most popular approach to SR is by genetic programming (SRGP).…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Sohrab Towfighi

Symbolic regression is essential for deriving interpretable expressions that elucidate complex phenomena by exposing the underlying mathematical and physical relationships in data. In this paper, we present an advanced symbolic regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Sikai Huang , Yixin Berry Wen , Tara Adusumilli , Kusum Choudhary , Haizhao Yang

Evolutionary computation methods have been successfully applied to neural networks since two decades ago, while those methods cannot scale well to the modern deep neural networks due to the complicated architectures and large quantities of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Yanan Sun , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang , Gary G. Yen

Symbolic regression (SR) aims to discover explicit mathematical expressions that explain observed data and is widely used in domains where interpretability is essential. Because interpretability requires expressions to reflect meaningful…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Koki Ikeda , Masahiro Nomura , Ryoki Hamano

In a regression task, a function is learned from labeled data to predict the labels at new data points. The goal is to achieve small prediction errors. In symbolic regression, the goal is more ambitious, namely, to learn an interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Paul Kahlmeyer , Joachim Giesen , Michael Habeck , Henrik Voigt