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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is key to enhancing large language models (LLMs) to systematically access richer factual knowledge. Yet, using RAG brings intrinsic challenges, as LLMs must deal with potentially conflicting knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Leonardo Ranaldi , Federico Ranaldi , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Large language models (LLM) hold significant potential for applications in biomedicine, but they struggle with hallucinations and outdated knowledge. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is generally employed to address these issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jiwoong Sohn , Yein Park , Chanwoong Yoon , Sihyeon Park , Hyeon Hwang , Mujeen Sung , Hyunjae Kim , Jaewoo Kang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance text generation by incorporating external knowledge but often struggle when retrieving context across different text modalities due to semantic gaps. We introduce a generalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Arihan Yadav , Alan McMillan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach to infuse a private knowledge base of documents with Large Language Models (LLM) to build Generative Q\&A (Question-Answering) systems. However, RAG accuracy becomes increasingly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Kunal Sawarkar , Abhilasha Mangal , Shivam Raj Solanki

Iterative retrieval refers to the process in which the model continuously queries the retriever during generation to enhance the relevance of the retrieved knowledge, thereby improving the performance of Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Tian Yu , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) allows LLMs (large language models) to generate better responses with external knowledge, but using more external knowledge often improves generation quality at the expense of response delay. Prior work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Siddhant Ray , Rui Pan , Zhuohan Gu , Kuntai Du , Shaoting Feng , Ganesh Ananthanarayanan , Ravi Netravali , Junchen Jiang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks enable large language models (LLMs) to retrieve relevant information from a knowledge base and incorporate it into the context for generating responses. This mitigates hallucinations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Pouria Rouzrokh , Shahriar Faghani , Cooper U. Gamble , Moein Shariatnia , Bradley J. Erickson

Large language models (LLMs) augmented with external data have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in completing real-world tasks. Techniques for integrating external data into LLMs, such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Siyun Zhao , Yuqing Yang , Zilong Wang , Zhiyuan He , Luna K. Qiu , Lili Qiu

RAG systems have transformed how LLMs access external knowledge, but we find that current implementations exhibit a bias toward factual, objective content, as evidenced by existing benchmarks and datasets that prioritize objective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Aditya Agrawal , Alwarappan Nakkiran , Darshan Fofadiya , Alex Karlsson , Harsha Aduri

Visual Question Answering systems face reliability issues due to hallucinations, where models generate answers misaligned with visual input or factual knowledge. While Retrieval Augmented Generation frameworks mitigate this issue by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ruoshuang Du , Xin Sun , Qiang Liu , Bowen Song , Zhongqi Chen , Weiqiang Wang , Liang Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) couples document retrieval with large language models (LLMs). While scaling generators often improves accuracy, it also increases inference and deployment overhead. We study an orthogonal axis: enlarging…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jingjie Ning , Yibo Kong , Yunfan Long , Jamie Callan

MLLMs have been successfully applied to multimodal embedding tasks, yet their generative reasoning capabilities remain underutilized. Directly incorporating chain-of-thought reasoning into embedding learning introduces two fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuchi Wang , Haiyang Yu , Weikang Bian , Jiefeng Long , Xiao Liang , Chao Feng , Hongsheng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate human-level capabilities in dialogue, reasoning, and knowledge retention. However, even the most advanced LLMs face challenges such as hallucinations and real-time updating of their knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xuanwang Zhang , Yunze Song , Yidong Wang , Shuyun Tang , Xinfeng Li , Zhengran Zeng , Zhen Wu , Wei Ye , Wenyuan Xu , Yue Zhang , Xinyu Dai , Shikun Zhang , Qingsong Wen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) technology has been widely applied in recent years. However, despite the emergence of various RAG frameworks, a single RAG framework still cannot adapt well to a broad range of downstream tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yifei Chen , Guanting Dong , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Objective: Applying large language models (LLMs) to the clinical domain is challenging due to the context-heavy nature of processing medical records. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers a solution by facilitating reasoning over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Skatje Myers , Timothy A. Miller , Yanjun Gao , Matthew M. Churpek , Anoop Mayampurath , Dmitriy Dligach , Majid Afshar

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly mitigates the hallucinations and domain knowledge deficiency in large language models by incorporating external knowledge bases. However, the multi-module architecture of RAG introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanming Mu , Hao Hu , Feiyang Li , Qiao Yuan , Jiang Wu , Zichuan Liu , Pengcheng Liu , Mei Wang , Hongwei Zhou , Yuling Liu

Multimodal embeddings are widely used in downstream tasks such as multimodal retrieval, enabling alignment of interleaved modalities in a shared representation space. While recent studies show that Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Chunxu Liu , Jiyuan Yang , Ruopeng Gao , Yuhan Zhu , Feng Zhu , Rui Zhao , Limin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have achieved substantial improvements in accuracy by grounding their responses in external documents that are relevant to the user's query. However, relatively…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Mahdi Dehghan , Graham McDonald

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers an effective solution to the issues faced by Large Language Models (LLMs) in hallucination generation and knowledge obsolescence by incorporating externally retrieved knowledge. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yongxin Xu , Ruizhe Zhang , Xinke Jiang , Yujie Feng , Yuzhen Xiao , Xinyu Ma , Runchuan Zhu , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has been applied in many scenarios to augment large language models (LLMs) with external documents provided by retrievers. However, a semantic gap exists between LLMs and retrievers due to differences in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Fuda Ye , Shuangyin Li , Yongqi Zhang , Lei Chen