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There exist several initiatives worldwide to deploy quantum key distribution (QKD) over existing fibre networks and achieve quantum-safe security at large scales. To understand the overall QKD network performance, it is required to…

In-field demonstrations in real-world scenarios boost the development of a rising technology towards its integration in existing infrastructures. Although quantum key distribution (QKD) devices are already adopted outside the laboratories,…

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) has rapidly risen as the most viable solution to long-distance secure fibre communication thanks to its fundamentally repeater-like rate-loss scaling. However, its implementation complexity, if…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-03 Lai Zhou , Jinping Lin , Yumang Jing , Zhiliang Yuan

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cutting-edge communication method that enables secure communication between two parties. Continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) is a promising approach to QKD that has several advantages over traditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-26 Andres Ruiz-Chamorro , Daniel Cano , Aida Garcia-Callejo , Veronica Fernandez

Quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a cornerstone of secure communication in the quantum era. While discrete-variable QKD (DV-QKD) protocols were historically the first to demonstrate secure key exchange, continuous-variable QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Mobin Motaharifar , Mahmood Hasani , Hassan Kaatuzian

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) fundamentally alters the rate-distance relationship of QKD, offering the scaling of a single-node quantum repeater. Although recent experiments have demonstrated the new opportunities for…

Security of modern classical data encryption often relies on computationally hard problems, which can be trivialized with the advent of quantum computers. A potential remedy for this is quantum communication which takes advantage of the…

We give a survey of some of the recent progress made in deploying quantum and classical communications over a shared fiber, focusing in particular on results obtained using continuous-variable QKD.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-07 Romain Alléaume , Raphaël Aymeric , Cédric Ware , Yves Jaouën

We present a practical method that can make quantum key distribution (QKD), for the first time, both ultra-long-distance and immune to all attacks in the detection system. This method is an important extension of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-22 Feihu Xu , Bing Qi , Zhongfa Liao , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method,…

Secure key rate (SKR) of point-point quantum key distribution (QKD) is fundamentally bounded by the rate-loss limit. Recent breakthrough of twin-field (TF) QKD can overcome this limit and enables long distance quantum communication, but its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Lai Zhou , Jinping Lin , Yuan-Mei Xie , Yu-Shuo Lu , Yumang Jing , Hua-Lei Yin , Zhiliang Yuan

We propose a wavelength-saving topology of quantum key distribution(QKD) network based on passive optical elements, and report the field test of this network on the commercial telecom optical fiber. In this network, 5 nodes are supported…

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is a developing method to secure information exchange in future quantum networks. With the recent developments in quantum technology and greater access to space, a global quantum network…

Secure communication over long distances is one of the major problems of modern informatics. Classical transmissions are recognized to be vulnerable to quantum computer attacks. Remarkably, the same quantum mechanics that engenders quantum…

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a promising quantum-safe alternative to classical asymmetric cryptography that enables two authenticated parties to establish a shared secret over a potentially eavesdropped quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Jonas Berl , Utku Akin , Erdem Eray Cil , Laurent Schmalen , Tobias Fehenberger

As quantum key distribution has reached the maturity level for practical deployment, questions about the co-integration with existing classical communication systems are of utmost importance. To this end we demonstrate how the…

This paper proposes a multi-mode Gaussian modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) scheme able to operate at high bandwidth despite using conventional noisy, coherent detectors. We demonstrate enhancement in shotnoise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Rupesh Kumar , Xinke Tang , Adrian Wonfor , Richard Penty , Ian White

A coherent transmission methodology for a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system based on quantum-heterodyne measurement through a coherent intradyne receiver is experimentally demonstrated in the framework of 5G…

Noiseless linear amplifiers (NLAs) serve as an effective means to enable long-distance continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD), even under realistic conditions with non-unit reconciliation efficiency. Separately, unitary…

A theoretical research and numerical simulation of the noise influence caused by spontaneous Raman scattering, four-wave mixing, and linear channel crosstalk on the performance of QKD systems was conducted. Three types of QKD systems were…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-18 Irina Vorontsova , Roman Goncharov , Angelina Tarabrina , Fedor Kiselev , Vladimir Egorov