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Training foundation models on extensive datasets and then finetuning them on specific tasks has emerged as the mainstream approach in artificial intelligence. However, the model robustness, which is a critical aspect for safety, is often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Kai Qiu , Huishuai Zhang , Zhirong Wu , Stephen Lin

The pre-trained language models are continually fine-tuned to better support downstream applications. However, this operation may result in significant performance degeneration on general tasks beyond the targeted domain. To overcome this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Xingrun Xing

Fine-tuning a task-specific multilingual large language model (LLM) involves training the model on a multilingual dataset with examples in all the required languages. Updating one or more supported languages with additional data or adding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Alphaeus Dmonte , Vidhi Gupta , Daniel J Perry , Mark Arehart

Deep model training on extensive datasets is increasingly becoming cost-prohibitive, prompting the widespread adoption of deep model fusion techniques to leverage knowledge from pre-existing models. From simple weight averaging to more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Shuai Xie , Han Hu , Lefei Zhang , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Accurate and robust trajectory predictions of road users are needed to enable safe automated driving. To do this, machine learning models are often used, which can show erratic behavior when presented with previously unseen inputs. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Manuel Muñoz Sánchez , Emilia Silvas , Jos Elfring , René van de Molengraft

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks often leads to catastrophic forgetting, notably degrading the safety of originally aligned models. While some existing methods attempt to restore safety by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Hua Farn , Hsuan Su , Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning stands as the standard for efficiently fine-tuning large language and vision models on downstream tasks. Specifically, the efficiency of low-rank adaptation has facilitated the creation and sharing of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Nader Asadi , Mahdi Beitollahi , Yasser Khalil , Yinchuan Li , Guojun Zhang , Xi Chen

Merging large language models (LLMs) is a practical way to compose capabilities from multiple fine-tuned checkpoints without retraining. Yet standard schemes (linear weight soups, task vectors, and Fisher-weighted averaging) can preserve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Aniruddha Roy , Jyoti Patel , Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain , Amitava Das

Model merging is attracting attention as a novel method for creating a new model by combining the weights of different trained models. While previous studies reported that model merging works well for models trained on a single dataset with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Masanori Yamada , Tomoya Yamashita , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Daiki Chijiwa

Model merging has emerged as a promising approach for multi-task learning (MTL), offering a data-efficient alternative to conventional fine-tuning. However, with the rapid development of the open-source AI ecosystem and the increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hao Mark Chen , Shell Xu Hu , Wayne Luk , Timothy Hospedales , Hongxiang Fan

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models on downstream tasks has become the de-facto learning paradigm in NLP. However, conventional approaches fine-tune all the parameters of the pre-trained model, which becomes prohibitive as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Junxian He , Chunting Zhou , Xuezhe Ma , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Graham Neubig

Modern recommender systems trained on domain-specific data often struggle to generalize across multiple domains. Cross-domain sequential recommendation has emerged as a promising research direction to address this challenge; however,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hyunsoo Kim , Jaewan Moon , Seongmin Park , Jongwuk Lee

In the literature on hyper-parameter tuning, a number of recent solutions rely on low-fidelity observations (e.g., training with sub-sampled datasets) in order to efficiently identify promising configurations to be then tested via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Pedro Mendes , Maria Casimiro , Paolo Romano , David Garlan

Multi-task model merging offers a promising paradigm for integrating multiple expert models into a unified model without additional training. Existing state-of-the-art techniques, such as Task Arithmetic and its variants, merge models by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenju Sun , Qingyong Li , Yangli-ao Geng , Boyang Li

A recent trend in deep learning algorithms has been towards training large scale models, having high parameter count and trained on big dataset. However, robustness of such large scale models towards real-world settings is still a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Nishant Jain , Harkirat Behl , Yogesh Singh Rawat , Vibhav Vineet

Fine-tuning is a promising technique for leveraging Transformer-based language models in downstream tasks. As model sizes continue to grow, updating all model parameters becomes increasingly costly. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Xiaoshuang Ji , Zhendong Zhao , Xiaojun Chen , Xin Zhao , Zeyao Liu

In collaborative software development, program merging is the mechanism to integrate changes from multiple programmers. Merge algorithms in modern version control systems report a conflict when changes interfere textually. Merge conflicts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Elizabeth Dinella , Todd Mytkowicz , Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Christian Bird , Mayur Naik , Shuvendu K. Lahiri

Model merging has emerged as a lightweight paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work, we analyze late-stage pre-training trajectories and uncover a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Wenjie Zhou , Bohan Wang , Hongtao Zhang , Chenxi Jia , Wei Chen , Xueqi Cheng

Model merging has recently emerged as a lightweight alternative to ensembling, combining multiple fine-tuned models into a single set of parameters with no additional training overhead. Yet, existing merging methods fall short of matching…

Mixup is a popular data augmentation technique based on taking convex combinations of pairs of examples and their labels. This simple technique has been shown to substantially improve both the robustness and the generalization of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Linjun Zhang , Zhun Deng , Kenji Kawaguchi , Amirata Ghorbani , James Zou