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We prove that, for the fundamental regression task of learning a single neuron, training a one-hidden layer ReLU network of any width by gradient flow from a small initialisation converges to zero loss and is implicitly biased to minimise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Dmitry Chistikov , Matthias Englert , Ranko Lazic

The training of neural networks by gradient descent methods is a cornerstone of the deep learning revolution. Yet, despite some recent progress, a complete theory explaining its success is still missing. This article presents, for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-15 Etienne Boursier , Loucas Pillaud-Vivien , Nicolas Flammarion

The implicit bias towards solutions with favorable properties is believed to be a key reason why neural networks trained by gradient-based optimization can generalize well. While the implicit bias of gradient flow has been widely studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yiwen Kou , Zixiang Chen , Quanquan Gu

We study the dynamics and implicit bias of gradient flow (GF) on univariate ReLU neural networks with a single hidden layer in a binary classification setting. We show that when the labels are determined by the sign of a target network with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Itay Safran , Gal Vardi , Jason D. Lee

Implicit deep learning has received increasing attention recently due to the fact that it generalizes the recursive prediction rules of many commonly used neural network architectures. Its prediction rule is provided implicitly based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Tianxiang Gao , Hailiang Liu , Jia Liu , Hridesh Rajan , Hongyang Gao

The implicit biases of gradient-based optimization algorithms are conjectured to be a major factor in the success of modern deep learning. In this work, we investigate the implicit bias of gradient flow and gradient descent in two-layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Spencer Frei , Gal Vardi , Peter L. Bartlett , Nathan Srebro , Wei Hu

Understanding implicit bias of gradient descent for generalization capability of ReLU networks has been an important research topic in machine learning research. Unfortunately, even for a single ReLU neuron trained with the square loss, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Sangmin Lee , Byeongsu Sim , Jong Chul Ye

Among many mysteries behind the success of deep networks lies the exceptional discriminative power of their learned representations as manifested by the intriguing Neural Collapse (NC) phenomenon, where simple feature structures emerge at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Hancheng Min , Zhihui Zhu , René Vidal

We derive global convergence bounds for the Frank Wolfe algorithm when training one hidden layer neural networks. When using the ReLU activation function, and under tractable preconditioning assumptions on the sample data set, the linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-07 Alexandre d'Aspremont , Mert Pilanci

Implicit deep learning has recently become popular in the machine learning community since these implicit models can achieve competitive performance with state-of-the-art deep networks while using significantly less memory and computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Tianxiang Gao , Hongyang Gao

A key challenge in modern deep learning theory is to explain the remarkable success of gradient-based optimization methods when training large-scale, complex deep neural networks. Though linear convergence of such methods has been proved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yash Jakhmola

To understand learning the dynamics of deep ReLU networks, we investigate the dynamic system of gradient flow $w(t)$ by decomposing it to magnitude $w(t)$ and angle $\phi(t):= \pi - \theta(t) $ components. In particular, for multi-layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Sangmin Lee , Byeongsu Sim , Jong Chul Ye

Implicit neural networks have become increasingly attractive in the machine learning community since they can achieve competitive performance but use much less computational resources. Recently, a line of theoretical works established the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Tianxiang Gao , Hongyang Gao

One of the mysteries in the success of neural networks is randomly initialized first order methods like gradient descent can achieve zero training loss even though the objective function is non-convex and non-smooth. This paper demystifies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Simon S. Du , Xiyu Zhai , Barnabas Poczos , Aarti Singh

We continue a long line of research aimed at proving convergence of depth 2 neural networks, trained via gradient descent, to a global minimum. Like in many previous works, our model has the following features: regression with quadratic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Alexander Razborov

In this paper, we study the implicit regularization of the gradient descent algorithm in homogeneous neural networks, including fully-connected and convolutional neural networks with ReLU or LeakyReLU activations. In particular, we study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li

We give a simple proof for the global convergence of gradient descent in training deep ReLU networks with the standard square loss, and show some of its improvements over the state-of-the-art. In particular, while prior works require all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Quynh Nguyen

We study the problem of learning one-hidden-layer neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function, where the inputs are sampled from standard Gaussian distribution and the outputs are generated from a noisy teacher…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-21 Xiao Zhang , Yaodong Yu , Lingxiao Wang , Quanquan Gu

This paper studies the problem of training a two-layer ReLU network for binary classification using gradient flow with small initialization. We consider a training dataset with well-separated input vectors: Any pair of input data with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Hancheng Min , Enrique Mallada , René Vidal

The first provably efficient algorithm for learning graph neural networks (GNNs) with one hidden layer for node information convolution is provided in this paper. Two types of GNNs are investigated, depending on whether labels are attached…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Qunwei Li , Shaofeng Zou , Wenliang Zhong
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