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To meet the growing demand for smarter, faster, and more efficient embodied AI solutions, we introduce a novel Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) method that significantly boosts reasoning and learning efficiency for embodied autonomous systems.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lu Xu , Jiaqian Yu , Xiongfeng Peng , Yiwei Chen , Weiming Li , Jaewook Yoo , Sunghyun Chunag , Dongwook Lee , Daehyun Ji , Chao Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are evolving towards finer granularity to improve parameter efficiency. However, existing MoE designs face an inherent trade-off between the granularity of expert specialization and hardware execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jingze Shi , Zhangyang Peng , Yizhang Zhu , Yifan Wu , Guang Liu , Yuyu Luo

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a key technique for scaling Large Language Models by activating only a subset of experts per query. Deploying MoE on consumer-grade edge hardware, however, is constrained by limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Guoying Zhu , Meng Li , Haipeng Dai , Xuechen Liu , Weijun Wang , Keran Li , Jun xiao , Ligeng Chen , Wei Wang

We introduce MoMa, a novel modality-aware mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture designed for pre-training mixed-modal, early-fusion language models. MoMa processes images and text in arbitrary sequences by dividing expert modules into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Xi Victoria Lin , Akshat Shrivastava , Liang Luo , Srinivasan Iyer , Mike Lewis , Gargi Ghosh , Luke Zettlemoyer , Armen Aghajanyan

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models based on Transformer architecture are pushing the boundaries of language and vision tasks. The allure of these models lies in their ability to substantially increase the parameter count without a…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) enhances model performance while maintaining computational efficiency, making it well-suited for large-scale applications. Conventional mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures suffer from suboptimal coordination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yujiao Yang , Jing Lian , Linhui Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has garnered significant attention for its ability to scale up neural networks while utilizing the same or even fewer active parameters. However, MoE does not alleviate the massive memory requirements of networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingyu Cao , Gen Li , Jie Ji , Jiaqi Zhang , Ajay Jaiswal , Li Shen , Xiaolong Ma , Shiwei Liu , Lu Yin

As the era of big data arrives, traditional artificial intelligence algorithms have difficulty processing the demands of massive and diverse data. Mixture of experts (MoE) has shown excellent performance and broad application prospects.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Wensheng Gan , Zhenyao Ning , Zhenlian Qi , Philip S. Yu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising paradigm for efficiently scaling large language models without a proportional increase in computational cost. However, the standard training strategy of Top-K router prevents MoE models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yaoxiang Wang , Qingguo Hu , Yucheng Ding , Ruizhe Wang , Yeyun Gong , Jian Jiao , Yelong Shen , Peng Cheng , Jinsong Su

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is becoming popular due to its success in improving the model quality, especially in Transformers. By routing tokens with a sparse gate to a few experts (i.e., a small pieces of the full model), MoE can easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Xiaonan Nie , Xupeng Miao , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Qibin Liu , Jilong Xue , Youshan Miao , Yi Liu , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising paradigm for scaling model capacity while preserving computational efficiency, particularly in large-scale machine learning architectures such as large language models (LLMs). Recent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yunting Xu , Jiacheng Wang , Ruichen Zhang , Changyuan Zhao , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Bo Qian , Haibo Zhou , Shiwen Mao , Abbas Jamalipour , Xuemin Shen , Dong In Kim

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture is an important method for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs). It increases model capacity while keeping computation cost low. However, the ultra-large MoE models still have hundreds of billions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yixiao Chen , Yanyue Xie , Ruining Yang , Wei Jiang , Wei Wang , Yong He , Yue Chen , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models can reduce computational costs by 2-4$\times$ compared to dense models without sacrificing performance, making them more efficient in computation-bounded scenarios. However, MoE models generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Bowen Pan , Yikang Shen , Haokun Liu , Mayank Mishra , Gaoyuan Zhang , Aude Oliva , Colin Raffel , Rameswar Panda

Recent large language models such as Gemini-1.5, DeepSeek-V3, and Llama-4 increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, which offer strong efficiency-performance trade-offs by activating only a fraction of the model per token.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hao Kang , Zichun Yu , Chenyan Xiong

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures enable trillion-parameter LLMs with sparsely activated experts. Expert parallelism (EP) is a widely adopted MoE training strategy, but it suffers from severe all-to-all communication bottlenecks, which…

Native multimodal large language models (MLLMs) restructure a single large language model (LLM) into a spoken language model (SLM) capable of both speech and text generation. Compared to modular and aligned MLLMs, native MLLMs preserve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hang Shao , Heting Gao , Yunhang Shen , Jiawei Chen , Zuwei Long , Dong Yang , Ke Li , Xing Sun

We present MoE-MLA-RoPE, a novel architecture combination that combines Mixture of Experts (MoE) with Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) and Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) for efficient language modeling. Our approach addresses the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Sushant Mehta , Raj Dandekar , Rajat Dandekar , Sreedath Panat

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is crucial for scaling large language models, but its scalability is severely limited by inter-GPU communication bottlenecks in multi-GPU systems. Although overlapping communication with computation…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhuoshan Zhou , Chen Zhang , Shuyi Zhang , Qijun Zhang , Haibo Wang , Zhe Zhou , Zhipeng Tu , Guangyu Sun , Yijia Diao , Zhigang Ji , Jingwen Leng , Guanghui He , Minyi Guo

Expert parallelism has emerged as a key strategy for distributing the computational workload of sparsely-gated mixture-of-experts (MoE) models across multiple devices, enabling the processing of increasingly large-scale models. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Weilin Cai , Juyong Jiang , Le Qin , Junwei Cui , Sunghun Kim , Jiayi Huang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) based Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance and computational efficiency. However, their deployment is often constrained by substantial memory demands, primarily due to the need to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jiawei Hao , Zhiwei Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Dan Zeng