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Recent progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced the ability of artificial intelligence systems to understand and generate multimodal content. However, these models often exhibit limited effectiveness…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Pengju Xu , Yan Wang , Shuyuan Zhang , Xuan Zhou , Xin Li , Yue Yuan , Fengzhao Li , Shunyuan Zhou , Xingyu Wang , Yi Zhang , Haiying Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in ex-ante reasoning, where analysis, inference, or predictions must be made without access to information from future events. Even with explicit prompts enforcing temporal cutoffs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yachuan Liu , Xiaochun Wei , Lin Shi , Xinnuo Li , Bohan Zhang , Paramveer Dhillon , Qiaozhu Mei

Large language models (LLMs) have obtained promising results in mathematical reasoning, which is a foundational skill for human intelligence. Most previous studies focus on improving and measuring the performance of LLMs based on textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Wentao Liu , Qianjun Pan , Yi Zhang , Zhuo Liu , Ji Wu , Jie Zhou , Aimin Zhou , Qin Chen , Bo Jiang , Liang He

Standard multi-task benchmarks are essential for developing pretraining models that can generalize to various downstream tasks. Existing benchmarks for natural language processing (NLP) usually focus only on understanding or generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Jian Guan , Zhuoer Feng , Yamei Chen , Ruilin He , Xiaoxi Mao , Changjie Fan , Minlie Huang

Temporal reasoning over tabular data presents substantial challenges for large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by recent research. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of temporal datasets to pinpoint the specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Irwin Deng , Kushagra Dixit , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth

Tool use, such as web search, has become a standard capability even in freely available large language models (LLMs). However, existing benchmarks evaluate temporal reasoning mainly in static, non-tool-using settings, which poorly reflect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhengxiang Wang , Zeyu Dong

The widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) has motivated a growing interest in their capacity for processing dynamic graphs. Temporal motifs, as an elementary unit and important local property of dynamic graphs which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Bing Hao , Minglai Shao , Zengyi Wo , Yunlong Chu , Yuhang Liu , Ruijie Wang

This paper proposes a framework for evaluating large language models (LLMs) on Chinese topic constructions, focusing on their sensitivity to island constraints. Drawing inspiration from Tian et al. (2024), we outline an experimental design…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Xiaodong Yang

Analogical reasoning -- the capacity to identify and map structural relationships between different domains -- is fundamental to human cognition and learning. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can sometimes match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sam Musker , Alex Duchnowski , Raphaël Millière , Ellie Pavlick

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in cognitive and reasoning benchmarks, they exhibit a persistent deficit in anthropomorphic intelligence-the capacity to navigate complex social, emotional, and ethical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Jiaxin Liu , Peiyi Tu , Wenyu Chen , Yihong Zhuang , Xinxia Ling , Anji Zhou , Chenxi Wang , Zhuo Han , Zhengkai Yang , Junbo Zhao , Zenan Huang , Yuanyuan Wang

Temporal commonsense reasoning refers to the ability to understand the typical temporal context of phrases, actions, and events, and use it to reason over problems requiring such knowledge. This trait is essential in temporal natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Georg Wenzel , Adam Jatowt

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into the software engineering ecosystem. Their test-time compute (TTC) reasoning capabilities show significant potential for understanding program logic and semantics beyond mere…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yifeng He , Luning Yang , Christopher Castro Gaw Gonzalo , Hao Chen

While pre-trained language models (LMs) have brought great improvements in many NLP tasks, there is increasing attention to explore capabilities of LMs and interpret their predictions. However, existing works usually focus only on a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Yaozong Shen , Lijie Wang , Ying Chen , Xinyan Xiao , Jing Liu , Hua Wu

Large language models (LLMs), a recent advance in deep learning and machine intelligence, have manifested astonishing capacities, now considered among the most promising for artificial general intelligence. With human-like capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Zhilun Zhou , Jing Yi Wang , Nicholas Sukiennik , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li , James Evans

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various NLP tasks, yet they still face significant challenges in reasoning and arithmetic. Temporal reasoning, a critical component of natural language understanding, has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Duygu Sezen Islakoglu , Jan-Christoph Kalo

How to better evaluate the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) is the focal point and hot topic in current LLMs research. Previous work has noted that due to the extremely high cost of iterative updates of LLMs, they are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zhikun Xu , Yinghui Li , Ruixue Ding , Xinyu Wang , Boli Chen , Yong Jiang , Hai-Tao Zheng , Wenlian Lu , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang

Developing Large Language Models (LLMs) with robust long-context capabilities has been the recent research focus, resulting in the emergence of long-context LLMs proficient in Chinese. However, the evaluation of these models remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Zexuan Qiu , Jingjing Li , Shijue Huang , Xiaoqi Jiao , Wanjun Zhong , Irwin King

Despite the advanced capabilities of large language models (LLMs), their temporal reasoning ability remains underdeveloped. Prior works have highlighted this limitation, particularly in maintaining temporal consistency when understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jongho Kim , Seung-won Hwang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning abilities across specialized domains, motivating research into their application to legal reasoning. However, existing legal benchmarks often conflate factual recall with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Wenhan Yu , Xinbo Lin , Lanxin Ni , Jinhua Cheng , Lei Sha

Recently, the development and progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) have amazed the entire Artificial Intelligence community. Benefiting from their emergent abilities, LLMs have attracted more and more researchers to study their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yinghui Li , Haojing Huang , Shirong Ma , Yong Jiang , Yangning Li , Feng Zhou , Hai-Tao Zheng , Qingyu Zhou