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A comprehensive and high-quality lexicon plays a crucial role in traditional text classification approaches. And it improves the utilization of the linguistic knowledge. Although it is helpful for the task, the lexicon has got little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-19 QingBiao LI , Chunhua Wu , Kangfeng Zheng

Long context large language models (LLMs) are deployed in many real-world applications such as RAG, agent, and broad LLM-integrated applications. Given an instruction and a long context (e.g., documents, PDF files, webpages), a long context…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Yanting Wang , Wei Zou , Runpeng Geng , Jinyuan Jia

Machine learning's influence is expanding rapidly, now integral to decision-making processes from corporate strategy to the advancements in Industry 4.0. The efficacy of Artificial Intelligence broadly hinges on the caliber of data used…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Fabian Biester , Mohamed Abdelaal , Daniel Del Gaudio

The strong capabilities of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have made them highly effective for zero-shot re-ranking task. Attention-based re-ranking methods, which derive relevance scores directly from attention weights, offer an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yuxing Tian , Fengran Mo , Weixu Zhang , Yiyan Qi , Jian-Yun Nie

Large Language Models (LLMs) often experience performance degradation during long-running interactions due to increasing context length, memory saturation, and computational overhead. This paper presents an adaptive context compression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

Current long-context benchmarks primarily focus on retrieval-based tests, requiring Large Language Models (LLMs) to locate specific information within extensive input contexts, such as the needle-in-a-haystack (NIAH) benchmark. Long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Xiang Liu , Peijie Dong , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu

Long context understanding remains challenging for large language models due to their limited context windows. This paper introduces Long Input Fine-Tuning (LIFT), a novel framework for long-context modeling that can enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yansheng Mao , Yufei Xu , Jiaqi Li , Fanxu Meng , Haotong Yang , Zilong Zheng , Xiyuan Wang , Muhan Zhang

Large vision-and-language models (LVLMs) have traditionally integrated visual and textual tokens by concatenating them into a single homogeneous input for large language models (LLMs), thereby maximally preserving the pre-trained language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Chia-Wen Kuo , Sijie Zhu , Fan Chen , Xiaohui Shen , Longyin Wen

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Tokenization plays a critical role in language modeling, yet existing approaches such as Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) or WordPiece operate purely on frequency statistics, ignoring the underlying semantic structure of text. This leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities, but aligning their outputs with human preferences typically requires expensive supervised fine-tuning. Recent test-time methods leverage textual feedback…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Shibing Mo , Haoyang Ruan , Kai Wu , Jing Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly trained on datasets consisting of fixed-length token sequences. These datasets are created by randomly concatenating documents of various lengths and then chunking them into sequences of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Hadi Pouransari , Chun-Liang Li , Jen-Hao Rick Chang , Pavan Kumar Anasosalu Vasu , Cem Koc , Vaishaal Shankar , Oncel Tuzel

High-quality long-context instruction data is essential for aligning long-context large language models (LLMs). Despite the public release of models like Qwen and Llama, their long-context instruction data remains proprietary. Human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chaochen Gao , Xing Wu , Zijia Lin , Debing Zhang , Songlin Hu

Long-context models are essential for many applications but face inefficiencies in loading large KV caches during decoding. Prior methods enforce fixed token budgets for sparse attention, assuming a set number of tokens can approximate full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kan Zhu , Tian Tang , Qinyu Xu , Yile Gu , Zhichen Zeng , Rohan Kadekodi , Liangyu Zhao , Ang Li , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Baris Kasikci

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled in various tasks but perform better in high-resource scenarios, which presents challenges in low-resource scenarios. Data scarcity and the inherent difficulty of adapting LLMs to specific tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuanhao Zeng , Min Wang , Yihang Wang , Yingxia Shao

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs) and the expansion of their context windows, existing long-context benchmarks fall short in effectively evaluating the models' comprehension and reasoning abilities in extended texts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Lei Zhang , Yunshui Li , Ziqiang Liu , Jiaxi yang , Junhao Liu , Longze Chen , Run Luo , Min Yang

Long-context large language models (LLMs), such as Gemini-2.5-Pro and Claude-Sonnet-4, are increasingly used to empower advanced AI systems, including retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines and autonomous agents. In these systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yanting Wang , Runpeng Geng , Ying Chen , Jinyuan Jia

Empowering LLMs with the ability to precisely understand long contexts is crucial for many downstream applications. However, handling long contexts with conventional transformer architecture requires substantial training and inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zhenyu Li , Yike Zhang , Tengyu Pan , Yutao Sun , Zhichao Duan , Junjie Fang , Rong Han , Zixuan Wang , Jianyong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks, with pre-training stage serving as the cornerstone of their capabilities. However, the conventional fixed-length data composition strategy for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Qing Yang , Qiyao Peng , Hongtao Liu , Kai Liu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Emerging Large Language Model (LLM) applications require long input context in order to perform complex tasks like document analysis and code generation. For these long context length applications, the length of the input prompt poses a…

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