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Multi-agent systems based on large language models, particularly centralized architectures, have recently shown strong potential for complex and knowledge-intensive tasks. However, central agents often suffer from unstable long-horizon…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ruizhe Zhang , Xinke Jiang , Zhibang Yang , Zhixin Zhang , Jiaran Gao , Yuzhen Xiao , Hongbin Lai , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

Mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents aim to autonomously complete tasks within or across apps based on user instructions. While recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enable these agents to interpret UI screens and perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Linqiang Guo , Wei Liu , Yi Wen Heng , Tse-Hsun , Chen , Yang Wang

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models has enabled agents to operate mobile devices by directly interacting with graphical user interfaces, opening new possibilities for mobile automation. However, real-world mobile tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yuanyi Song , Heyuan Huang , Qiqiang Lin , Yin Zhao , Xiangmou Qu , Jun Wang , Xingyu Lou , Weiwen Liu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Jun Wang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang , Zhaoxiang Wang

Given the significant advances in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) in reasoning and visual understanding, mobile agents are rapidly emerging to meet users' automation needs. However, existing evaluation benchmarks are disconnected from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Zeyu Huang , Juyuan Wang , Longfeng Chen , Boyi Xiao , Leng Cai , Yawen Zeng , Jin Xu

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), mobile agents have emerged as promising tools for phone automation, simulating human interactions on screens to accomplish complex tasks. However, these agents often suffer from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shiquan Zhang , Tianyi Zhang , Le Fang , Simon D'Alfonso , Hong Jia , Vassilis Kostakos

With the rapid development of mobile intelligent assistant technologies, multi-modal AI assistants have become essential interfaces for daily user interactions. However, current evaluation methods face challenges including high manual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Meiping Wang , Jian Zhong , Rongduo Han , Liming Kang , Zhengkun Shi , Xiao Liang , Xing Lin , Nan Gao , Haining Zhang

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown exceptional potential in enabling mobile-using agents to autonomously execute human instructions. However, fully automated agents often try to execute tasks even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zheng Wu , Pengzhou Cheng , Zongru Wu , Yuan Guo , Tianjie Ju , Aston Zhang , Gongshen Liu , Zhuosheng Zhang

Mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents enable AI models to autonomously operate smartphones on behalf of users. However, most existing systems focus primarily on optimizing task accuracy and rely on cloud-hosted models for inference,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Runxi Huang , Liyu Zhang , Shengzhong Liu , Xiaomin Ouyang

Mobile GUI agents excel at immediate reactive control but frequently fail in realistic, long-horizon tasks that require memory. This failure stems from a fundamental conflict between limited context windows and token-heavy screenshots. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junyang Wang , Haiyang Xu , Xi Zhang , Zhaoqing Zhu , Ming Yan , Jieping Ye , Jitao Sang

Comprehensive evaluation of mobile agents can significantly advance their development and real-world applicability. However, existing benchmarks lack practicality and scalability due to the extensive manual effort in defining task reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jiahui Sun , Zhichao Hua , Yubin Xia

Recently, there has been a surge of vision-based GUI agents designed to automate everyday mobile and web tasks. These agents interpret raw GUI screenshots and autonomously decide where to click, scroll, or type, which bypasses handcrafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Zaitang Li , Yonglin Wang , Hongming Zhang , Ninghao Liu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

The design, implementation and testing of Multi Agent Systems is typically a very complex task. While a number of specialist agent programming languages and toolkits have been created to aid in the development of such systems, the provision…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2015-08-12 Dinh Doan Van Bien , David Lillis , Rem W. Collier

The increasing prevalence of mobile apps has led to a proliferation of resource usage scenarios in which they are deployed. This motivates the need to specialize mobile apps based on diverse and varying preferences of users. We propose a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Brian Heath , Neelay Velingker , Osbert Bastani , Mayur Naik

AI agents are increasingly used to solve complex, multi-step tasks, but existing multi-agent frameworks remain brittle as workflows grow in scale and depth. Small errors at intermediate stages can propagate through agent interactions, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andy Xu , Yu-Wing Tai

The proliferation of mobile apps and reduced time in mobile app releases mandates the need for faster and efficient testing of mobile apps, their GUI and functional capabilities. Though, there are wide variety of open source tools and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Poornima Gopi

Reliability is key to realizing the promise of autonomous UI-Agents, multimodal agents that directly interact with apps in the same manner as humans, as users must be able to trust an agent to complete a given task. Current evaluations rely…

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have emerged as an effective paradigm for complex and long-horizon tasks. However, in real-world tasks, MAS often exhibit various failures during execution and such failures are difficult to eliminate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhezheng Hao , Tianfu Wang , Huanshuo Dong , Ziyan Liu , Hong Wang , Xiankun Lin , Qiang Lin , Can Wang , Hande Dong , Jiawei Chen

Mobile GUI agents exhibit substantial potential to facilitate and automate the execution of user tasks on mobile phones. However, exist mobile GUI agents predominantly privilege autonomous operation and neglect the necessity of active user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Haitao Jia , Ming He , Zimo Yin , Likang Wu , Jianping Fan , Jitao Sang

Users install many apps on their smartphones, raising issues related to information overload for users and resource management for devices. Moreover, the recent increase in the use of personal assistants has made mobile devices even more…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Mohammad Aliannejadi , Hamed Zamani , Fabio Crestani , W. Bruce Croft

Recently, mobile AI agents have gained increasing attention. Given a task, mobile AI agents can interact with mobile devices in multiple steps and finally form a GUI flow that solves the task. However, existing agents tend to focus on most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Qinzhuo Wu , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang