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This note is an introductory survey of non-Hausdorff separation axioms. The main focus is to study properties that are between $T_0$ and $T_1$, properties between $T_1$ and Hausdorff and how the $T_0$-quotient change them and the relation…

General Topology · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Tianyi Zhou

There are a number of localic separation axioms which are roughly analogous to the $T_1$-axiom from classical topology. For instance, besides the well-known subfitness and fitness, there are also Rosicky-Smarda's $T_1$-locales, totally…

General Topology · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Igor Arrieta

In this paper, we introduced the concepts of new separation axioms called $ SC^* $-separation axioms and $ H^* $-separation axioms by using $ SC^* $ and $ H^* $-open sets in topological spaces. The $ SC^* $-separation axioms include $ SC^*…

General Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Neeraj Kumar Tomar , M. C. Sharma , Amit Ujlayan , Fahed Zulfeqarr

There are several ideal boundaries and completions in General Relativity sharing the topological property of being sequential, i.e., determined by the convergence of its sequences and, so, by some limit operator $L$. As emphasized in a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-02-17 J. L. Flores , J. Herrera , M. Sanchez

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new weak separation axiom that generalizes the separation properties between $T_1$ and completely Hausdorff. We call a topological space $(X,\tau)$ a $T_{\kappa,\xi}$-space if every compact subset of…

General Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Francisco G. Arenas , Julian Dontchev , Maria Luz Puertas

In the study of soft topological spaces, two types of separation axioms have given if soft points and single point soft sets have been taken as separated objects respectively. In this paper, some examples and properties are given to explore…

General Topology · Mathematics 2021-09-14 Xuechong Guan

This paper introduces three separation conditions for topological spaces, called T_{0,1}, T_{0,2} ("pre-Hausdorff"), and T_{1,2}. These conditions generalize the classical T_(1) and T_(2) separation axioms, and they have advantages over…

General Topology · Mathematics 2008-03-10 Jay Stine , M. V. Mielke

We observe that many of the separation axioms of topology (including $T_0-T_4$) can be expressed concisely and uniformly in terms of category theory as lifting properties (in the sense of Quillen model categories) with respect to (usually…

General Topology · Mathematics 2017-06-29 Misha Gavrilovich

Several weakenings of the $T_2$ property for topological spaces, including $k$-Hausdorff, $KC$, weakly Hausdorff, semi-Hausdorff, $RC$, and $US$, have been studied by mathematicians. Here we provide a complete survey of how these properties…

General Topology · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Steven Clontz

Here we have studied on the ideas of $g_{\mu_i}$ and $\lambda_{\mu_i}$-closed sets with respect to ${\mu_j}(i,j=1,2,i\not=j)$ and pairwise $ \lambda $-closed sets in a generalized bitopological space $ (X,\mu_1, \mu_2) $. We have also…

General Topology · Mathematics 2018-10-15 Amar Kumar Banerjee , Jagannath Pal

We have defined almost separable space. We show that like separability, almost separability is $c$ productive and converse also true under some restrictions. We establish a Baire Category theorem like result in Hausdorff, Pseudocompacts…

General Topology · Mathematics 2020-02-13 Sagarmoy Bag , Ram Chandra Manna , Sourav Kanti Patra

Let $(X, d)$ be an ultrametric space and let $d_H$ be the Hausdorff distance on the set $\bar{\mathbf{B}}_X$ of all closed balls in $(X, d)$. Some interconnections between the properties of the spaces $(X, d)$ and $(\bar{\mathbf{B}}_X,…

General Topology · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Oleksiy Dovgoshey

The Urysohn universal metric space U is characterized up to isometry by the following properties: (1) U is complete and separable; (2) U contains an isometric copy of every separable metric space; (3) every isometry between two finite…

General Topology · Mathematics 2021-08-27 Vladimir Uspenskij

In this paper, we approach the question if some of the separation axioms are equivalent in the class of asymmetric normed spaces. In particular, we make a remark on a known theorem which states that every $T_1$ asymmetric normed space with…

General Topology · Mathematics 2019-05-10 Victor Donjuán , Natalia Jonard-Pérez

We identify a strong structural obstruction to Uniform Separation in constructive arithmetic. The mechanism is independent of semantic content; it emerges whenever two distinct evaluator predicates are sustained in parallel and inference…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Milan Rosko

The KC property, a separation axiom between weakly Hausdorff and Hausdorff, requires compact subsets to be closed. Various assumptions involving local conditions, dimension, connectivity, and homotopy show certain KC-spaces are in fact…

General Topology · Mathematics 2012-08-28 Paul Fabel

Here we have studied the ideas of g*-closed sets, g^tou -sets and Lamda*-closed sets and investigate some of their properties in the spaces of A. D. Alexandroff [1]. We have also studied few separation axioms like T-omega/4,T-3omega/8,…

General Topology · Mathematics 2016-09-19 Amar Kumar Banerjee , Jagannath Pal

Expansions in non-integer bases have been investigated abundantly since their introduction by R\'enyi. It was discovered by Erd\H{o}s et al. that the sets of numbers with a unique expansion have a much more complex structure than in the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Yi Cai , Vilmos Komornik

While topology given by a linear order has been extensively studied, this cannot be said about the case when the order is given only locally. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap. We consider relation between local orderability and…

General Topology · Mathematics 2020-09-17 Piotr Pikul

Here we have investigated some aspects of $s\lambda$-closed sets on separation axioms including $s T_{2\frac{1}{2}} $ and $s T_{3\frac{1}{2}} $ axioms and on compactness in generalized topological spaces

General Topology · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Amar Kumar Banerjee , Jagannath Pal
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