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Decision trees are important both as interpretable models amenable to high-stakes decision-making, and as building blocks of ensemble methods such as random forests and gradient boosting. Their statistical properties, however, are not well…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-20 Yan Shuo Tan , Abhineet Agarwal , Bin Yu

Decision trees are popular Classification and Regression tools and, when small-sized, easy to interpret. Traditionally, a greedy approach has been used to build the trees, yielding a very fast training process; however, controlling sparsity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-24 Rafael Blanquero , Emilio Carrizosa , Cristina Molero-Río , Dolores Romero Morales

We consider conducting inference on the output of the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) [Breiman et al., 1984] algorithm. A naive approach to inference that does not account for the fact that the tree was estimated from the data…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-19 Anna C. Neufeld , Lucy L. Gao , Daniela M. Witten

We study approaches for the exact solution of the \NP--hard minimum spanning tree problem under conflict constraints. Given a graph $G(V,E)$ and a set $C \subset E \times E$ of conflicting edge pairs, the problem consists of finding a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Phillippe Samer , Sebastián Urrutia

While globally optimal empirical risk minimization (ERM) decision trees have become computationally feasible and empirically successful, rigorous theoretical guarantees for their statistical performance remain limited. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Zineng Xu , Subhro Ghosh , Yan Shuo Tan

We propose an algorithm named best-scored random forest for binary classification problems. The terminology "best-scored" means to select the one with the best empirical performance out of a certain number of purely random tree candidates…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-28 Hanyuan Hang , Xiaoyu Liu , Ingo Steinwart

Computing an optimal classification tree that provably maximizes training performance within a given size limit, is NP-hard, and in practice, most state-of-the-art methods do not scale beyond computing optimal trees of depth three.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Catalin E. Brita , Jacobus G. M. van der Linden , Emir Demirović

Decision trees and randomized forests are widely used in computer vision and machine learning. Standard algorithms for decision tree induction optimize the split functions one node at a time according to some splitting criteria. This greedy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-13 Mohammad Norouzi , Maxwell D. Collins , Matthew Johnson , David J. Fleet , Pushmeet Kohli

Decision tree optimization is fundamental to interpretable machine learning. The most popular approach is to greedily search for the best feature at every decision point, which is fast but provably suboptimal. Recent approaches find the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Varun Babbar , Hayden McTavish , Cynthia Rudin , Margo Seltzer

Survival analysis of right censored data arises often in many areas of research including medical research. Effect of covariates (and their interactions) on survival distribution can be studied through existing methods which requires to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-11 Madan Gopal Kundu , Samiran Ghosh

The classification of imbalanced data has presented a significant challenge for most well-known classification algorithms that were often designed for data with relatively balanced class distributions. Nevertheless skewed class distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-21 Jiaju Miao , Wei Zhu

Risk bounds for Classification and Regression Trees (CART, Breiman et. al. 1984) classifiers are obtained under a margin condition in the binary supervised classification framework. These risk bounds are obtained conditionally on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-06-27 Servane Gey

Decision trees are widely used for classification and regression tasks in a variety of application fields due to their interpretability and good accuracy. During the past decade, growing attention has been devoted to globally optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Antonio Consolo , Edoardo Amaldi , Andrea Manno

Policymakers often use recursive binary split rules to partition populations based on binary outcomes and target subpopulations whose probability of the binary event exceeds a threshold. We call such problems Latent Probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-03 Lei Bill Wang , Zhenbang Jiao , Fangyi Wang

Decision diagrams for classification have some notable advantages over decision trees, as their internal connections can be determined at training time and their width is not bound to grow exponentially with their depth. Accordingly,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Alexandre M. Florio , Pedro Martins , Maximilian Schiffer , Thiago Serra , Thibaut Vidal

Tree-based methods are powerful nonparametric techniques in statistics and machine learning. However, their effectiveness, particularly in finite-sample settings, is not fully understood. Recent applications have revealed their surprising…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Hengrui Luo , Meng Li

As a flexible nonparametric learning tool, the random forests algorithm has been widely applied to various real applications with appealing empirical performance, even in the presence of high-dimensional feature space. Unveiling the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Chien-Ming Chi , Patrick Vossler , Yingying Fan , Jinchi Lv

Phylogenetic trees are leaf-labelled trees used to model the evolution of species. In practice it is not uncommon to obtain two topologically distinct trees for the same set of species, and this motivates the use of distance measures to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-24 David Mestel , Steven Chaplick , Steven Kelk , Ruben Meuwese

In this paper we propose and study a version of the Dyadic Classification and Regression Trees (DCART) estimator from Donoho (1997) for (fixed design) quantile regression in general dimensions. We refer to this proposed estimator as the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-19 Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Sabyasachi Chatterjee

Decision trees are one of the most popular classifiers in the machine learning literature. While the most common decision tree learning algorithms treat data as a batch, numerous algorithms have been proposed to construct decision trees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Nikolaj Tatti