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The gravitational form factors (GFFs) of a hadron encode fundamental aspects of its structure, including its shape and size as defined from e.g., its energy density. This work presents a determination of the flavor decomposition of the GFFs…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-06-25 Daniel C. Hackett , Dimitra A. Pefkou , Phiala E. Shanahan

Gravitational form factors (GFFs) of hadrons encode essential information about the internal distributions of mass, spin, pressure, and shear among their quark and gluon constituents. We compute the quark and gluon GFFs of the proton using…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-10 Sreeraj Nair , Chandan Mondal , Siqi Xu , Xingbo Zhao , James P. Vary

We obtain the gravitational form factors (GFFs) and investigate their applications for the description of the mechanical properties, i.e., the distributions of pressures, shear forces inside proton, and the mechanical radius, in a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-12-29 Dipankar Chakrabarti , Chandan Mondal , Asmita Mukherjee , Sreeraj Nair , Xingbo Zhao

The energy-momentum tensor form factors furnish information on the mechanics of the proton. It is essential to compute the generalized isovector-vector form factors to examine the flavor structure of the energy-momentum tensor form factors.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-07 Ho-Yeon Won , Hyun-Chul Kim , June-Young Kim

We compute the gravitational form factors (GFFs) and study their applications for the description of the mechanical properties such as the pressure, shear force distributions, and the mechanical radius of the proton from its light-front…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-19 Sreeraj Nair , Chandan Mondal , Siqi Xu , Xingbo Zhao , Asmita Mukherjee , James P. Vary

The proton's internal structure is characterized not only by its charge and magnetic distribution but also by its mechanical and mass properties, which are encoded in the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). These…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-04 The MMGPDs Collaboration , Muhammad Goharipour , Hadi Hashamipour , H. Fatehi , Fatemeh Irani , K. Azizi , S. V. Goloskokov

We present a recent calculation of the gravitational form factors (GFFs) of proton using the light-front quark-diquark model constructed by the soft-wall AdS/QCD. The four GFFs $~A(Q^2)$ , $B(Q^2)$ , $C(Q^2)$ and $\bar{C}(Q^2)$ are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-10 Dipankar Chakrabarti , Chandan Mondal , Asmita Mukherjee , Sreeraj Nair , Xingbo Zhao

We study the gravitational form factors of the proton and some of its mechanical properties. We use a holographic model based on the AdS/CFT correspondence, in which a deformation in the anti-de Sitter background geometry is considered. By…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-26 Ayrton Nascimento , Henrique Boschi-Filho

The gravitational form factors which are obtained from the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor provide us information about internal distributions of mass, energy, pressure and shear. The Druck term is the least understood among…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-06-27 Poonam Choudhary , Bheemsehan Gurjar , Dipankar Chakrabarti , Asmita Mukherjee

We embark on a systematical analysis of the quark and gluon gravitational form factors (GFFs) of the proton, by connecting energy-momentum tensor (EMT) and the near-threshold vector meson photoproduction (NTVMP). Concretely, the quark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-04-04 Xiao-Yun Wang , Fancong Zeng , Jiyuan Zhang

Gravitational form factors (GFFs), defined through the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor, provide critical insights into the internal structure of nucleons and nuclei. In particular, their Fourier transforms -- evaluated in the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-05-12 Zein-Eddine Meziani

Inspired by the recent near-threshold $J/\psi$ photoproduction measurements, we discuss gluon gravitational form factors (GFFs) and internal properties of the proton. This work presents a complete analysis of the proton gluon GFFs…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-06-02 Xiao-Yun Wang , Fancong Zeng , Quanjin Wang

The gravitational form factors (GFFs) are a fundamental and elegant way to describe the structure of nucleons and nuclei. Their Fourier transform allows a description of the spatial distribution of the mass, angular momentum, pressure, and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2024-03-18 Zein-Eddine Meziani

We study the parametrization of the energy-momentum tensor for the case of a proton in momentum space in terms of gravitational transverse momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs). These gravitational TMDs are investigated with the inclusion…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-17 Navpreet Kaur , Shubham Sharma , Abi Jebarson A , Harleen Dahiya

The gravitational form factors of a hadron are defined through the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor current, which can be decomposed into the quark and gluonic parts, between the hadronic states. These form factors provide…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-21 Z. Dehghan , K. Azizi , U. Özdem

We present a comprehensive investigation of the mechanical properties of the $\Omega^-$ baryon by analyzing its gravitational form factors (GFFs) within the framework of QCD sum rules. These form factors encode rich information about the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-08-26 Zeinab Dehghan , K. Azizi

We compute the gluonic contribution to the gravitational form factors of the proton using the improved holographic QCD model, in which the proton is described in terms of bulk Dirac fermions. Model parameters are constrained using lattice…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-26 Antti Hippeläinen , Niko Jokela , Matti Järvinen

Proton matrix elements of the QCD energy-momentum tensor (EMT) are expressed by the gravitational form factors. The forward values of the gravitational form factors allow for a decomposition of the proton mass into contributions from quarks…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-18 Kazuhiro Tanaka

The proton is one of the main building blocks of all visible matter in the universe. Among its intrinsic properties are its electric charge, mass, and spin. These emerge from the complex dynamics of its fundamental constituents, quarks and…

The spatial distribution of charge and magnetization within the proton is encoded in the elastic form factors. These have been precisely measured in elastic electron scattering, and the combination of proton and neutron form factors allows…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-02-11 I. A. Qattan , J. Arrington , A. Alsaad
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