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Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have revolutionized the modeling of materials and molecules by directly fitting to ab initio data. However, while these models excel at capturing local and semi-local interactions, they often…

Many of the competitive neural network consists of spatially arranged neurons. The weigh matrix that connects cells represents local excitation and long-range inhibition. They are known as soft-winner-take-all networks and shown to exhibit…

Hebbian plasticity in winner-take-all (WTA) networks is highly attractive for neuromorphic on-chip learning, owing to its efficient, local, unsupervised, and on-line nature. Moreover, its biological plausibility may help overcome important…

Deep learning has powered recent successes of artificial intelligence (AI). However, the deep neural network, as the basic model of deep learning, has suffered from issues such as local traps and miscalibration. In this paper, we provide a…

Deep learning algorithms, especially Transformer-based models, have achieved significant performance by capturing long-range dependencies and historical information. However, the power of convolution has not been fully investigated.…

Cortical populations of neurons develop sparse representations adapted to the statistics of the environment. While existing synaptic plasticity models reproduce some of the observed receptive-field properties, a major obstacle is the…

Recently, deep learning has represented an important research trend in human activity recognition (HAR). In particular, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on various HAR datasets. For deep…

Sleep stage recognition is crucial for assessing sleep and diagnosing chronic diseases. Deep learning models, such as Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks, are trained using grid data as input, making them not capable…

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has shown remarkable success in aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. Traditional RLHF methods rely on a fixed dataset, which often suffers from limited coverage. To…

Background: Identifying relationships between clinical events and temporal expressions is a key challenge in meaningfully analyzing clinical text for use in advanced AI applications. While previous studies exist, the state-of-the-art…

Neuroimaging-based prediction methods for intelligence and cognitive abilities have seen a rapid development in literature. Among different neuroimaging modalities, prediction based on functional connectivity (FC) has shown great promise.…

This work presents WorldCompass, a novel Reinforcement Learning (RL) post-training framework for the long-horizon, interactive video-based world models, enabling them to explore the world more accurately and consistently based on…

Neural networks (NNs) are inherently multidimensional classifiers that learn complex, non-linear relationships among input observables. While their flexibility enables unprecedented performance in high-energy physics (HEP) analyses, it also…

One of the main challenges in reinforcement learning (RL) is generalisation. In typical deep RL methods this is achieved by approximating the optimal value function with a low-dimensional representation using a deep network. While this…

Autonomous racing presents unique challenges due to its non-linear dynamics, the high speed involved, and the critical need for real-time decision-making under dynamic and unpredictable conditions. Most traditional Reinforcement Learning…

Accurate activity location prediction is a crucial component of many mobility applications and is particularly required to develop personalized, sustainable transportation systems. Despite the widespread adoption of deep learning models,…

We are interested in the problem of classifying Multivariate Hawkes Processes (MHP) paths coming from several classes. MHP form a versatile family of point processes that models interactions between connected individuals within a network.…

Rewards play an essential role in reinforcement learning. In contrast to rule-based game environments with well-defined reward functions, complex real-world robotic applications, such as contact-rich manipulation, lack explicit and…

In spite of the success of existing meta reinforcement learning methods, they still have difficulty in learning a meta policy effectively for RL problems with sparse reward. In this respect, we develop a novel meta reinforcement learning…

This work attempts to address adversarial robustness of deep networks by means of novel learning arguments. Specifically, inspired from results in neuroscience, we propose a local competition principle as a means of adversarially-robust…