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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across multiple tasks through in-context learning. For complex reasoning tasks that require step-by-step thinking, Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has given impressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Armel Zebaze , Benoît Sagot , Rachel Bawden

In this paper, we introduce the Tree-of-Thought (ToT) framework, a novel approach aimed at improving the problem-solving capabilities of auto-regressive large language models (LLMs). The ToT technique is inspired by the human mind's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jieyi Long

Reasoning methods, best exemplified by the well-known Chain-of-Thought (CoT), empower the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by eliciting them to solve complex tasks in a step-by-step manner. Although they are achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Leonardo Ranaldi , Giulia Pucci , Federico Ranaldi , Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto

As language models have become increasingly successful at a wide array of tasks, different prompt engineering methods have been developed alongside them in order to adapt these models to new tasks. One of them is Tree-of-Thoughts (ToT), a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Alan Boyle , Isha Gupta , Sebastian Hönig , Lukas Mautner , Kenza Amara , Furui Cheng , Mennatallah El-Assady

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate significant reasoning capabilities, particularly through long chain-of-thought (CoT) processes, which can be elicited by reinforcement learning (RL). However, prolonged CoT reasoning presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Haoyuan Wu , Xueyi Chen , Rui Ming , Jilong Gao , Shoubo Hu , Zhuolun He , Bei Yu

Automatic grading of subjective questions remains a significant challenge in examination assessment due to the diversity in question formats and the open-ended nature of student responses. Existing works primarily focus on a specific type…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Fanwei Zhua , Jiaxuan He , Xiaoxiao Chen , Zulong Chen , Quan Lu , Chenrui Mei

While there have been extensive studies in code generation by large language models (LLM), where benchmarks like HumanEval have been surpassed with an impressive 96.3% success rate, these benchmarks predominantly judge a model's performance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Ricardo La Rosa , Corey Hulse , Bangdi Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities across various language tasks, but solving complex reasoning problems remains a significant challenge. While existing methods, such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Zhenni Bi , Kai Han , Chuanjian Liu , Yehui Tang , Yunhe Wang

Chain-of-thought (CoT), tree-of-thought (ToT), and related techniques work surprisingly well in practice for some complex reasoning tasks with Large Language Models (LLMs), but why? This work seeks the underlying reasons by conducting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Liwei Kang , Zirui Zhao , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

This study introduces an ensemble framework for unstructured text categorization using large language models (LLMs). By integrating multiple models, the ensemble large language model (eLLM) framework addresses common weaknesses of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Ariel Kamen , Yakov Kamen

In this paper, we investigate the potential of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) for grading Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams. In contrast to existing work, which primarily evaluates proprietary LLMs, we focus on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Matthijs Jansen op de Haar , Nacir Bouali , Faizan Ahmed

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant accuracy degradation due to insufficient reasoning ability when dealing with complex and abstract tasks. Thought structures such as Chain of Thought (CoT) and Tree of Thought (ToT) focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Fengxiao Tang , Yufeng Li , Zongzong Wu , Ming Zhao

We introduce Graph of Thoughts (GoT): a framework that advances prompting capabilities in large language models (LLMs) beyond those offered by paradigms such as Chain-of-Thought or Tree of Thoughts (ToT). The key idea and primary advantage…

Grading programming assignments is crucial for guiding students to improve their programming skills and coding styles. This study presents an automated grading framework, CodEv, which leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to provide…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-28 En-Qi Tseng , Pei-Cing Huang , Chan Hsu , Peng-Yi Wu , Chan-Tung Ku , Yihuang Kang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities, yet their standard generation process -- auto-regressive token prediction -- is inherently myopic and prone to cascading errors. To address this, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guni Sharon

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to understand the mental states of oneself and others, remains a challenging area for large language models (LLMs), which often fail to predict human mental states accurately. In this paper, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Prameshwar Thiyagarajan , Vaishnavi Parimi , Shamant Sai , Soumil Garg , Zhangir Meirbek , Nitin Yarlagadda , Kevin Zhu , Chris Kim

Tabular data, a fundamental data format in machine learning, is predominantly utilized in competitions and real-world applications. The performance of tabular models--such as gradient boosted decision trees and neural networks--can vary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Si-Yang Liu , Qile Zhou , Han-Jia Ye

Receiving timely and personalized feedback is essential for second-language learners, especially when human instructors are unavailable. This study explores the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs), including both proprietary and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Changrong Xiao , Wenxing Ma , Qingping Song , Sean Xin Xu , Kunpeng Zhang , Yufang Wang , Qi Fu

The reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on a wide range of problems critically relies on chain-of-thought prompting, which involves providing a few chain of thought demonstrations as exemplars in prompts. Recent work,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Sijia Chen , Baochun Li , Di Niu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown limitations in tasks requiring complex logical reasoning and multi-step problem-solving. To address these challenges, researchers have employed carefully designed prompts and flowcharts, simulating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Changcheng Li , Xiangyu Wang , Qiuju Chen , Xiren Zhou , Huanhuan Chen
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