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With the rapid advancement of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), ensuring their safety has emerged as a crucial area of research. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of LVLM safety, covering key aspects such as attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Mang Ye , Xuankun Rong , Wenke Huang , Bo Du , Nenghai Yu , Dacheng Tao

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed and integrated into thousands of applications, the need for scalable evaluation of how models respond to adversarial attacks grows rapidly. However, LLM security is a moving target: models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Leon Derczynski , Erick Galinkin , Jeffrey Martin , Subho Majumdar , Nanna Inie

Robust verbal confidence generated by large language models (LLMs) is crucial for the deployment of LLMs to help ensure transparency, trust, and safety in many applications, including those involving human-AI interactions. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Stephen Obadinma , Xiaodan Zhu

The robustness of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP is critical for their deployment in safety-critical applications like autonomous driving, healthcare diagnostics, and security systems, where accurate interpretation of visual and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yuhan Liang , Yijun Li , Yumeng Niu , Qianhe Shen , Hangyu Liu

Benefiting from the powerful capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), pre-trained visual encoder models connected to an LLMs can realize Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, existing research shows that the visual modality of VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhendong Liu , Yuanbi Nie , Yingshui Tan , Xiangyu Yue , Qiushi Cui , Chongjun Wang , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world decision-making systems, understanding their behavioural vulnerabilities remains a critical challenge for AI safety and alignment. While existing evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lili Zhang , Haomiaomiao Wang , Long Cheng , Libao Deng , Tomas Ward

This paper presents novel benchmarks for evaluating vision-language models (VLMs) in zero-shot recognition, focusing on granularity and specificity. Although VLMs excel in tasks like image captioning, they face challenges in open-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zhenlin Xu , Yi Zhu , Tiffany Deng , Abhay Mittal , Yanbei Chen , Manchen Wang , Paolo Favaro , Joseph Tighe , Davide Modolo

Autonomous driving is rapidly advancing as a key application of machine learning, yet ensuring the safety of these systems remains a critical challenge. Traffic sign recognition, an essential component of autonomous vehicles, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Linyun Gao , Qiang Wen , Fumio Machida

Automating software vulnerability detection (SVD) remains a critical challenge in an era of increasingly complex and interdependent software systems. Despite significant advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) for code analysis, prevailing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Arastoo Zibaeirad , Marco Vieira

The growing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into critical societal domains has raised concerns about embedded biases that can perpetuate stereotypes and undermine fairness. Such biases may stem from historical inequalities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Riccardo Cantini , Alessio Orsino , Massimo Ruggiero , Domenico Talia

Deep neural networks have been playing an essential role in many computer vision tasks including Visual Question Answering (VQA). Until recently, the study of their accuracy was the main focus of research but now there is a trend toward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Jia-Hong Huang , Cuong Duc Dao , Modar Alfadly , Bernard Ghanem

Large language models have become increasingly prominent, also signaling a shift towards multimodality as the next frontier in artificial intelligence, where their embeddings are harnessed as prompts to generate textual content.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiachen Sun , Changsheng Wang , Jiongxiao Wang , Yiwei Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

Medical vision-language models (Med-VLMs) trained on large datasets of medical image-text pairs and later fine-tuned for specific tasks have emerged as a mainstream paradigm in medical image analysis. However, recent studies have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Noor Hussein , Fahad Shamshad , Muzammal Naseer , Karthik Nandakumar

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained considerable prominence in recent years due to their remarkable capability to effectively integrate and process both textual and visual information. This integration has significantly enhanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Aobotao Dai , Xinyu Ma , Lei Chen , Songze Li , Lin Wang

Learning models capable of providing reliable predictions in the face of adversarial actions has become a central focus of the machine learning community in recent years. This challenge arises from observing that data encountered at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Marco C. Campi , Algo Carè , Luis G. Crespo , Simone Garatti , Federico A. Ramponi

Large vision-language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4 have achieved unprecedented performance in response generation, especially with visual inputs, enabling more creative and adaptable interaction than large language models such as ChatGPT.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yunqing Zhao , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Xiao Yang , Chongxuan Li , Ngai-Man Cheung , Min Lin

While the widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) holds great potential for society, their vulnerabilities to adversarial manipulation and exploitation can pose serious safety, security, and ethical risks. As new threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Charankumar Akiri , Harrison Simpson , Kshitiz Aryal , Aarav Khanna , Maanak Gupta

Despite inheriting security measures from underlying language models, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) may still be vulnerable to safety alignment issues. Through empirical analysis, we uncover two critical findings: scenario-matched images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Shuyang Hao , Bryan Hooi , Jun Liu , Kai-Wei Chang , Zi Huang , Yujun Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded a new heatwave of AI for their ability to engage end-users in human-level conversations with detailed and articulate answers across many knowledge domains. In response to their fast adoption in…

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to support patients in addressing medical questions is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, most of the measures currently used to evaluate the performance of these models in this context only…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Abu Noman Md Sakib , Md. Main Oddin Chisty , Zijie Zhang