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The growing deployment of Vision Transformers (ViTs) on energy-constrained devices requires evaluation methods that go beyond accuracy alone. We present a two-stage pipeline for assessing ViT energy efficiency that combines device-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Nursultan Amanzhol , Jurn-Gyu Park

Recently, efficient Vision Transformers have shown great performance with low latency on resource-constrained devices. Conventionally, they use 4x4 patch embeddings and a 4-stage structure at the macro level, while utilizing sophisticated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Seokju Yun , Youngmin Ro

Built on top of self-attention mechanisms, vision transformers have demonstrated remarkable performance on a variety of vision tasks recently. While achieving excellent performance, they still require relatively intensive computational cost…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Lingchen Meng , Hengduo Li , Bor-Chun Chen , Shiyi Lan , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang , Ser-Nam Lim

The Vision Transformer (ViT) excels in global modeling but faces deployment challenges on resource-constrained devices due to the quadratic computational complexity of its attention mechanism. To address this, we propose the Semantic-Aware…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Youbing Hu , Yun Cheng , Anqi Lu , Dawei Wei , Zhijun Li

The deployment of transformer-based models on resource-constrained edge devices represents a critical challenge in enabling real-time artificial intelligence applications. This comprehensive survey examines lightweight transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hema Hariharan Samson

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated strong potential in medical imaging; however, their high computational demands and tendency to overfit on small datasets limit their applicability in real-world clinical scenarios. In this paper,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Aon Safdar , Mohamed Saadeldin

We attempt to reduce the computational costs in vision transformers (ViTs), which increase quadratically in the token number. We present a novel training paradigm that trains only one ViT model at a time, but is capable of providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Mingbao Lin , Mengzhao Chen , Yuxin Zhang , Chunhua Shen , Rongrong Ji , Liujuan Cao

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological illness affecting the brain that makes people more likely to experience frequent, spontaneous seizures. There has to be an accurate automated method for measuring seizure frequency and severity in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-09 Salim Rukhsar , Anil K. Tiwari

Transformer networks have emerged as the state-of-the-art approach for natural language processing tasks and are gaining popularity in other domains such as computer vision and audio processing. However, the efficient hardware acceleration…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Gamze İslamoğlu , Moritz Scherer , Gianna Paulin , Tim Fischer , Victor J. B. Jung , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

Accurate classification of sleep stages is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders and automating this process can significantly enhance clinical assessments. This study aims to explore the use of a self-supervised model (more specifically,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Eldiane Borges dos Santos Durães , João Batista Florindo

Sleep stage classification is crucial for diagnosing and managing disorders such as sleep apnea and insomnia. Conventional clinical methods like polysomnography are costly and impractical for long-term home use. We present an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-19 Zahra Mohammadi , Parnian Fazel , Siamak Mohammadi

Transformer-based models are becoming more and more intelligent and are revolutionizing a wide range of human tasks. To support their deployment, AI labs offer inference services that consume hundreds of GWh of energy annually and charge…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Ching-Yi Lin , Sahil Shah

In recent years, Transformers have achieved remarkable progress in computer vision tasks. However, their global modeling often comes with substantial computational overhead, in stark contrast to the human eye's efficient information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Yuguang Zhang , Qihang Fan , Huaibo Huang

Vision Transformer (ViT) has prevailed in computer vision tasks due to its strong long-range dependency modelling ability. \textcolor{blue}{However, its large model size and weak local feature modeling ability hinder its application in real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Yi Zhang , Lingxiao Wei , Bowei Zhang , Ziwei Liu , Kai Yi , Shu Hu

Although vision Transformers have achieved excellent performance as backbone models in many vision tasks, most of them intend to capture global relations of all tokens in an image or a window, which disrupts the inherent spatial and local…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Gang Li , Di Xu , Xing Cheng , Lingyu Si , Changwen Zheng

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have emerged as a foundational model in computer vision, excelling in generalization and adaptation to downstream tasks. However, deploying ViTs to support diverse resource constraints typically requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Chen Zhu , Wangbo Zhao , Huiwen Zhang , Samir Khaki , Yuhao Zhou , Weidong Tang , Shuo Wang , Zhihang Yuan , Yuzhang Shang , Xiaojiang Peng , Kai Wang , Dawei Yang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in interpreting complex medical imaging data. However, their significant computational and memory demands pose challenges for deployment in real-time, resource-constrained…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Mikolaj Walczak , Uttej Kallakuri , Edward Humes , Xiaomin Lin , Tinoosh Mohsenin

We solve a fundamental challenge in semiconductor IC design: the fast and accurate characterization of nanoscale photonic devices. Much like the fusion between AI and EDA, many efforts have been made to apply DNNs such as convolutional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Xinyu Chen , Renjie Li , Yueyao Yu , Yuanwen Shen , Wenye Li , Zhaoyu Zhang , Yin Zhang

Due to its deficiency in prior knowledge (inductive bias), Vision Transformer (ViT) requires pre-training on large-scale datasets to perform well. Moreover, the growing layers and parameters in ViT models impede their applicability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Chenhao Xu , Chang-Tsun Li , Chee Peng Lim , Douglas Creighton

The large pre-trained vision transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various visual tasks, but suffer from expensive computational and memory cost problems when deployed on resource-constrained devices. Among the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yanjing Li , Sheng Xu , Baochang Zhang , Xianbin Cao , Peng Gao , Guodong Guo