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In many time series forecasting settings, the target time series is accompanied by exogenous covariates, such as promotions and prices in retail demand; temperature in energy load; calendar and holiday indicators for traffic or sales; and…

While recent advancements in foundation models have significantly impacted machine learning, rigorous tests on the performance of time series foundation models (TSFMs) remain largely underexplored. This paper presents an empirical study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Syamantak Datta Gupta

Multivariate time-series (MTS) forecasting is a paramount and fundamental problem in many real-world applications. The core issue in MTS forecasting is how to effectively model complex spatial-temporal patterns. In this paper, we develop a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Jinliang Deng , Xiusi Chen , Renhe Jiang , Du Yin , Yi Yang , Xuan Song , Ivor W. Tsang

Recent studies have indicated that vision models pre-trained on images can serve as time series foundation models (TSFMs) by reformulating time series forecasting (TSF) as image reconstruction. However, effective cross-modal transfer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lefei Shen , Mouxiang Chen , Xu Liu , Han Fu , Xiaoxue Ren , Jianling Sun , Zhuo Li , Chenghao Liu

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have become increasingly popular for zero-shot forecasting. However, for a new time series domain not fully covered by the pretraining set, performance can suffer. Therefore, when a practitioner cares…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Thomas L. Lee , Edoardo M. Ponti , Amos Storkey

Multi-task and few-shot time series forecasting tasks are commonly encountered in scenarios such as the launch of new products in different cities. However, traditional time series forecasting methods suffer from insufficient historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Pengpeng Ouyang , Dong Chen , Tong Yang , Shuo Feng , Zhao Jin , Mingliang Xu

Multivariate time series forecasting, which analyzes historical time series to predict future trends, can effectively help decision-making. Complex relations among variables in MTS, including static, dynamic, predictable, and latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Yueyang Wang , Ziheng Duan , Yida Huang , Haoyan Xu , Jie Feng , Anni Ren

The forecasting of irregular multivariate time series (IMTS) is crucial in key areas such as healthcare, biomechanics, climate science, and astronomy. However, achieving accurate and practical predictions is challenging due to two main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xvyuan Liu , Xiangfei Qiu , Xingjian Wu , Zhengyu Li , Chenjuan Guo , Jilin Hu , Bin Yang

Time series foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a popular paradigm for zero-shot multi-domain forecasting. These models are trained on numerous diverse datasets and claim to be effective forecasters across multiple different time series…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-19 Anubha Goel , Puneet Pasricha , Martin Magris , Juho Kanniainen

Multivariate time-series forecasting holds immense value across diverse applications, requiring methods to effectively capture complex temporal and inter-variable dynamics. A key challenge lies in uncovering the intrinsic patterns that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Liang Yu , Lai Tu , Xiang Bai

Deep Neural Networks have spearheaded remarkable advancements in time series forecasting (TSF), one of the major tasks in time series modeling. Nonetheless, the non-stationarity of time series undermines the reliability of pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 HyunGi Kim , Siwon Kim , Jisoo Mok , Sungroh Yoon

In this paper, we introduce TimeGPT, the first foundation model for time series, capable of generating accurate predictions for diverse datasets not seen during training. We evaluate our pre-trained model against established statistical,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Azul Garza , Cristian Challu , Max Mergenthaler-Canseco

Time series forecasting, which aims to predict future values based on historical data, has garnered significant attention due to its broad range of applications. However, real-world time series often exhibit complex non-uniform distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yanru Sun , Zongxia Xie , Emadeldeen Eldele , Dongyue Chen , Qinghua Hu , Min Wu

Can meta-learning discover generic ways of processing time series (TS) from a diverse dataset so as to greatly improve generalization on new TS coming from different datasets? This work provides positive evidence to this using a broad…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Boris N. Oreshkin , Dmitri Carpov , Nicolas Chapados , Yoshua Bengio

Time series are generated in diverse domains such as economic, traffic, health, and energy, where forecasting of future values has numerous important applications. Not surprisingly, many forecasting methods are being proposed. To ensure…

Long-range time series forecasting is usually based on one of two existing forecasting strategies: Direct Forecasting and Iterative Forecasting, where the former provides low bias, high variance forecasts and the latter leads to low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Shiyu Liu , Rohan Ghosh , Mehul Motani

Multivariate time series (MTS) forecasting plays an important role in the automation and optimization of intelligent applications. It is a challenging task, as we need to consider both complex intra-variable dependencies and inter-variable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Ling Chen , Donghui Chen , Zongjiang Shang , Binqing Wu , Cen Zheng , Bo Wen , Wei Zhang

Multivariate time series (MTS) forecasting has shown great importance in numerous industries. Current state-of-the-art graph neural network (GNN)-based forecasting methods usually require both graph networks (e.g., GCN) and temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Kun Yi , Qi Zhang , Wei Fan , Hui He , Liang Hu , Pengyang Wang , Ning An , Longbing Cao , Zhendong Niu

Multivariate Time Series (MTS) forecasting plays a vital role in various real-world applications, such as traffic management and predictive maintenance. Existing approaches typically model MTS data in either Euclidean or Riemannian space,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yong Fang , Na Li , Hangguan Shan , Eryun Liu , Xinyu Li , Wei Ni , Er-Ping Li

Recent research in time series forecasting has explored integrating multimodal features into models to improve accuracy. However, the accuracy of such methods is constrained by three key challenges: inadequate extraction of fine-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shule Hao , Junpeng Bao , Wenli Li