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Diffusion transformers (DiTs) have emerged as a powerful architecture for high-fidelity image generation, yet the quadratic cost of self-attention poses a major scalability bottleneck. To address this, linear attention mechanisms have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Boyuan Cao , Xingbo Yao , Chenhui Wang , Jiaxin Ye , Yujie Wei , Hongming Shan

Linear Recurrence has proven to be a powerful tool for modeling long sequences efficiently. In this work, we show that existing models fail to take full advantage of its potential. Motivated by this finding, we develop GateLoop, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Tobias Katsch

Recent work has shown that training loss scales as a power law with both model size and the number of tokens, and that achieving compute-optimal models requires scaling model size and token count together. However, these scaling laws assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Aurko Roy , Timothy Chou , Sai Surya Duvvuri , Sijia Chen , Jiecao Yu , Xiaodong Wang , Manzil Zaheer , Rohan Anil

Transformers have achieved state-of-the-art results across a range of domains, but their quadratic attention mechanism poses significant challenges for long-sequence modelling. Recent efforts to design linear-time attention mechanisms have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Rares Dolga , Lucas Maystre , Marius Cobzarenco , David Barber

Modern deep learning models often make predictions by focusing on irrelevant areas, leading to biased performance and limited generalization. Existing methods aimed at rectifying model attention require explicit labels for irrelevant areas…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Seongmin Lee , Ali Payani , Duen Horng Chau

The quadratic complexity of the attention mechanism represents one of the biggest hurdles for processing long sequences using Transformers. Current methods, relying on sparse representations or stateful recurrence, sacrifice token-to-token…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Tobias Christian Nauen , Sebastian Palacio , Andreas Dengel

Softmax attention is the principle backbone of foundation models for various artificial intelligence applications, yet its quadratic complexity in sequence length can limit its inference throughput in long-context settings. To address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jerome Sieber , Carmen Amo Alonso , Alexandre Didier , Melanie N. Zeilinger , Antonio Orvieto

The remarkable success of pretrain-then-finetune paradigm has led to a proliferation of available pre-trained models for vision tasks. This surge presents a significant challenge in efficiently choosing the most suitable pre-trained models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Zixuan Hu , Xiaotong Li , Shixiang Tang , Jun Liu , Yichun Hu , Ling-Yu Duan

Interpreting individual neurons in deep neural networks is a crucial step towards understanding their complex decision-making processes and ensuring AI safety. Despite recent progress in neuron labeling, existing methods often limit the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Vladimir Zaigrajew , Michał Piechota , Gaspar Sekula , Paweł Gelar , Przemysław Biecek

Recent advances in transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks. However, their quadratic computational complexity concerning sequence length remains a significant bottleneck…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zichuan Fu , Wentao Song , Yejing Wang , Xian Wu , Yefeng Zheng , Yingying Zhang , Derong Xu , Xuetao Wei , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao

Transformers have become the de facto standard for a wide range of tasks, from image classification to physics simulations. Despite their impressive performance, the quadratic complexity of standard Transformers in both memory and time with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Alex Colagrande , Paul Caillon , Eva Feillet , Alexandre Allauzen

Transformer-based video diffusion models (VDMs) deliver state-of-the-art video generation quality but are constrained by the quadratic cost of self-attention, making long sequences and high resolutions computationally expensive. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohsen Ghafoorian , Denis Korzhenkov , Amirhossein Habibian

Transformer-based architectures have become the prevailing backbone of large language models. However, the quadratic time and memory complexity of self-attention remains a fundamental obstacle to efficient long-context modeling. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yutao Sun , Zhenyu Li , Yike Zhang , Tengyu Pan , Bowen Dong , Yuyi Guo , Jianyong Wang

Softmax Attention has a quadratic time complexity in sequence length, which becomes prohibitive to run at long contexts, even with highly optimized GPU kernels. For example, FlashAttention-2/3 (exact, GPU-optimized implementations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sahil Joshi , Agniva Chowdhury , Amar Kanakamedala , Ekam Singh , Evan Tu , Anshumali Shrivastava

A longstanding challenge for the Machine Learning community is the one of developing models that are capable of processing and learning from very long sequences of data. The outstanding results of Transformers-based networks (e.g., Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Matteo Tiezzi , Michele Casoni , Alessandro Betti , Tommaso Guidi , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci

Transformers with linear attention (i.e., linear transformers) and state-space models have recently been suggested as a viable linear-time alternative to transformers with softmax attention. However, these models still underperform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Songlin Yang , Bailin Wang , Yu Zhang , Yikang Shen , Yoon Kim

Recent advances in video diffusion models have shifted towards transformer-based architectures, achieving state-of-the-art video generation but at the cost of quadratic attention complexity, which severely limits scalability for longer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Mohsen Ghafoorian , Amirhossein Habibian

Autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in language tasks but face two significant bottlenecks: (1) quadratic complexity in the attention module as the number of tokens increases, and (2) limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Haoran You , Yichao Fu , Zheng Wang , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Yingyan Celine Lin

Solving stiff ordinary differential equations (StODEs) requires sophisticated numerical solvers, which are often computationally expensive. In general, traditional explicit time integration schemes with restricted time step sizes are not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-20 William Cole Nockolds , C. G. Krishnanunni , Tan Bui-Thanh , Xianxhu Tang

In this paper, we investigate how to convert a pre-trained Diffusion Transformer (DiT) into a linear DiT, as its simplicity, parallelism, and efficiency for image generation. Through detailed exploration, we offer a suite of ready-to-use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jiahao Wang , Ning Kang , Lewei Yao , Mengzhao Chen , Chengyue Wu , Songyang Zhang , Shuchen Xue , Yong Liu , Taiqiang Wu , Xihui Liu , Kaipeng Zhang , Shifeng Zhang , Wenqi Shao , Zhenguo Li , Ping Luo
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