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In this paper we investigate formal verification problems for Neural Network computations. Of central importance will be various robustness and minimization problems such as: Given symbolic specifications of allowed inputs and outputs in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Adrian Wurm

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) excel in diverse tasks, yet their applications in high-stakes domains are often hampered by unreliable predictions. Although numerous uncertainty quantification methods have been proposed to address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Tianyi Zhao , Jian Kang , Lu Cheng

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful machine learning models that excel at analyzing structured data represented as graphs, demonstrating remarkable performance in applications like social network analysis and recommendation systems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-28 Yidong Liao , Xiao-Ming Zhang , Chris Ferrie

Many available formal verification methods have been shown to be instances of a unified Branch-and-Bound (BaB) formulation. We propose a novel machine learning framework that can be used for designing an effective branching strategy as well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Florian Jaeckle , Jingyue Lu , M. Pawan Kumar

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the predominant architecture for learning over graphs. As with any machine learning model, an important issue is the detection of attacks, where an adversary can change the output with a small perturbation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chia-Hsuan Lu , Tony Tan , Michael Benedikt

The success of Deep Learning and its potential use in many safety-critical applications has motivated research on formal verification of Neural Network (NN) models. Despite the reputation of learned NN models to behave as black boxes and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Rudy Bunel , Ilker Turkaslan , Philip H. S. Torr , Pushmeet Kohli , M. Pawan Kumar

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are deep learning architectures for machine learning problems on graphs. It has recently been shown that the expressiveness of GNNs can be characterised precisely by the combinatorial Weisfeiler-Leman algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Martin Grohe

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be successful in many classification tasks, outperforming previous state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy. However, accuracy alone is not enough for high-stakes decision making. Decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Leonardo Teixeira , Brian Jalaian , Bruno Ribeiro

Quantum Graph Neural Networks (QGNNs) represent a novel fusion of quantum computing and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), aimed at overcoming the computational and scalability challenges inherent in classical GNNs that are powerful tools for…

The P versus NP problem asks whether every language verifiable in polynomial time can also be decided in deterministic polynomial time. In this paper, we present a constructive proof that P = NP by introducing a universal, graph-based…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Changryeol Lee

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as an efficient alternative to convolutional approaches for vision tasks such as image classification, leveraging patch-based representations instead of raw pixels. These methods construct graphs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Nikolaos Chaidos , Angeliki Dimitriou , Nikolaos Spanos , Athanasios Voulodimos , Giorgos Stamou

Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been applied for scheduling jobs over clusters, achieving better performance than hand-crafted heuristics. Despite their impressive performance, concerns remain over whether these GNN-based job…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Haoze Wu , Clark Barrett , Mahmood Sharif , Nina Narodytska , Gagandeep Singh

Quantization replaces floating point arithmetic with integer arithmetic in deep neural network models, providing more efficient on-device inference with less power and memory. In this work, we propose a framework for formally verifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Pei Huang , Haoze Wu , Yuting Yang , Ieva Daukantas , Min Wu , Yedi Zhang , Clark Barrett

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are deep learning models that take graph data as inputs, and they are applied to various tasks such as traffic prediction and molecular property prediction. However, owing to the complexity of the GNNs, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Tetsu Kasanishi , Xueting Wang , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are an effective framework for representation learning of graphs. GNNs follow a neighborhood aggregation scheme, where the representation vector of a node is computed by recursively aggregating and transforming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Keyulu Xu , Weihua Hu , Jure Leskovec , Stefanie Jegelka

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the predominant approach for graph-based machine learning. While neural networks have shown great performance at learning useful representations, they are often criticized for their limited high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Markus Zopf , Francesco Alesiani

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are popular to use for classifying structured data in the context of machine learning. But surprisingly, they are rarely applied to regression problems. In this work, we adopt GNN for a classic but challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Wenzhong Yan , Di Jin , Zhidi Lin , Feng Yin

Recent works show that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are highly non-robust with respect to adversarial attacks on both the graph structure and the node attributes, making their outcomes unreliable. We propose the first method for certifiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Daniel Zügner , Stephan Günnemann

We address the problem of verifying neural networks against geometric transformations of the input image, including rotation, scaling, shearing, and translation. The proposed method computes provably sound piecewise linear constraints for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Ben Batten , Yang Zheng , Alessandro De Palma , Panagiotis Kouvaros , Alessio Lomuscio

Machine Learning (ML) has exhibited substantial success in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). For example large language models have empirically proven to be capable of producing text of high complexity and cohesion. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Marco Casadio , Tanvi Dinkar , Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Luca Arnaboldi , Matthew L. Daggitt , Omri Isac , Guy Katz , Verena Rieser , Oliver Lemon