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Neuroscientists and computer vision researchers use model-brain alignment benchmarks to compare artificial and biological vision systems. These benchmarks rank models according to alignment measures such as the similarity of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-24 Larissa Höfling , Matthias Tangemann , Lotta Piefke , Susanne Keller , Katrin Franke , Matthias Bethge

The question "Can machines think?" and the Turing Test to assess whether machines could achieve human-level intelligence is one of the roots of AI. With the philosophical argument "I think, therefore I am", this paper challenge the idea of…

A central goal of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is to improve the trust relationship in human-AI interaction. One assumption underlying research in transparent AI systems is that explanations help to better assess predictions of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Felix Biessmann , Viktor Treu

As AI becomes increasingly embedded in daily life, ascertaining whether an agent is human is critical. We systematically benchmark AI's ability to imitate humans in three language tasks (image captioning, word association, conversation) and…

The currently dominating artificial intelligence and machine learning technology, neural networks, builds on inductive statistical learning. Neural networks of today are information processing systems void of understanding and reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Lars Holmberg

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has shifted from static, data-driven models to dynamic systems capable of perceiving and interacting with real-world environments. Despite advancements in pattern recognition and symbolic…

We discuss the adequacy of tests for intelligent systems and practical problems raised by their implementation. We propose the replacement test as the ability of a system to replace successfully another system performing a task in a given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Joseph Sifakis

Artificial neural networks are being proposed as models of parts of the brain. The networks are compared to recordings of biological neurons, and good performance in reproducing neural responses is considered to support the model's…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-01 Yena Han , Tomaso Poggio , Brian Cheung

The deep neural nets of modern artificial intelligence (AI) have not achieved defining features of biological intelligence, including abstraction, causal learning, and energy-efficiency. While scaling to larger models has delivered…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-24 Joseph D. Monaco , Kanaka Rajan , Grace M. Hwang

One of today's most significant societal challenges is building AI systems whose behaviour, or the behaviour it enables within communities of interacting agents (human and artificial), aligns with human values. To address this challenge, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nardine Osman , Mark d'Inverno

As AI closely interacts with human society, it is crucial to ensure that its behavior is safe, altruistic, and aligned with human ethical and moral values. However, existing research on embedding ethical considerations into AI remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Feifei Zhao , Hui Feng , Haibo Tong , Zhengqiang Han , Erliang Lin , Enmeng Lu , Yinqian Sun , Yi Zeng

Reliable human-machine discrimination is becoming increasingly important as large language models and autonomous agents are deployed in online settings. Existing approaches evaluate whether a system can produce behavior or responses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Milena Rmus , Mathew D. Hardy , Thomas L. Griffiths , Mayank Agrawal

With state-of-the-art models achieving high performance on standard benchmarks, contemporary research paradigms continue to emphasize general intelligence as an enduring objective. However, this pursuit overlooks the fundamental disparities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Nick DiSanto

This review aims to contribute to the quest for artificial general intelligence by examining neuroscience and cognitive psychology methods for potential inspiration. Despite the impressive advancements achieved by deep learning models in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Florin Leon

As a capability coming from computation, how does AI differ fundamentally from the capabilities delivered by rule-based software program? The paper examines the behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) from engineering points of view to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Bifei Mao , Lanqing Hong

Neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI) both face the challenge of interpreting high-dimensional neural data, where the comparative analysis of such data is crucial for revealing shared mechanisms and differences between these complex…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-16 Yiqing Bo , Ansh Soni , Sudhanshu Srivastava , Meenakshi Khosla

Agent-based modeling is a paradigm of modeling dynamic systems of interacting agents that are individually governed by specified behavioral rules. Training a model of such agents to produce an emergent behavior by specification of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Karan K. Budhraja , Hang Gao , Tim Oates

We look at consciousness through the lens of Theoretical Computer Science, a branch of mathematics that studies computation under resource limitations, distinguishing functions that are efficiently computable from those that are not. From…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Lenore Blum , Manuel Blum

Recent advances in neurosciences and psychology have provided evidence that affective phenomena pervade intelligence at many levels, being inseparable from the cognitionaction loop. Perception, attention, memory, learning, decisionmaking,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-09-30 Luis Paulo Reis , Daria Barteneva , Nuno Lau